g62-encyclopaedia-of-pests-and-natural-enemies-in-field-crops

ContentsContentsPageIntroduction 2Index 3Identification of larvae 11Pest thresholds: quick reference 12Pests:Beetles 16Bugs and aphids 42Flies, thrips and sawflies 80Moths and butterflies 126Nematodes 150Other pests 162Natural enemies:Introduction 172IntroductionIntegrated pest managementManaging pests while encouraging and supporting beneficial insects is anessential part of an integrated pest management strategy and is a keycomponent of sustainable crop production.The number of available insecticides is declining, so it is increasingly importantto use them only when absolutely necessary to safeguard their longevity andminimise the risk of the development of resistance. The Sustainable UseDirective (2009/128/EC) lists a number of provisions aimed at achieving thesustainable use of pesticides, including the promotion of low input regimes,such as integrated pest management.Effective pest control:Assess therisk ofinfestationMinimiserisk byculturalmeansMaximise theeffects ofnaturalenemiesOnly usepesticides ifeconomicallyjustifiedThis publicationBuilding on the success of the HGCA/BASF Encyclopaedia of arable weeds andthe HGCA/BASF Encyclopaedia of cereal diseases, the three crop divisions ofthe Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board have worked together onthis new encyclopaedia providing information on the identification andmanagement of pests and natural enemies. The latest information has beenprovided by experts from ADAS, Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust,Warwick Crop Centre, PGRO and BBRO.Beetles 175Bugs 181Centipedes 184Flies 185Lacewings 191Sawflies, wasps, ants and bees 192Spiders and mites 1971Encyclopaedia of pests and natural enemies in field cropsEncyclopaedia of pests and natural enemies in field crops2