death, was dependent on his European alliance with the banking cartel. Warburg’s son,James Paul Warburg, continued to exercise such influence, being appointed Franklin D.Roosevelt’s Director of the Budget when that great man assumed office in 1933, andsetting up the Office of War Information, our official propaganda agency during theSecond World War.In The Fight for Financial Supremacy, Paul Einzig, editorial writer for the LondonEconomist, wrote that:"Almost immediately after World War I a close cooperation was established between theBank of England and the Federal Reserve authorities, and more especially with theFederal Reserve Bank of New York. * This cooperation was largely due to the cordialrelations existing between Mr. Montagu Norman of the Bank of England and Mr.Benjamin Strong, Governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York until 1928. Onseveral occasions the discount rate policy of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York wasguided by a desire to help the Bank of England.__________________________* William Boyce Thompson (Wall Street operator) commented to Clarence Barron, Nov. 27, 1920, "Whyshould the Federal Reserve Bank have private wires all over the country and talk daily by cable with theBank of England?" p. 327 "They Told Barron".There has been close cooperation in the fixing of discount rates between London andNew York." 86____________________86 Paul Einzig, The Fight For Financial Supremacy, Macmillan, 1931CHAPTER ELEVEN Lord Montagu NormanThe collaboration between Benjamin Strong and Lord Montagu Norman is one of thegreatest secrets of the twentieth century. Benjamin Strong married the daughter of thepresident of Bankers Trust in New York, and subsequently succeeded to its presidency.Carroll Quigley, in Tragedy and Hope says: "Strong became Governor of the FederalReserve Bank of New York as the joint nominee of Morgan and of Kuhn, Loeb Companyin 1914." 87Lord Montagu Norman is the only man in history who had both his maternal grandfatherand his paternal grandfather serve as Governors of the Bank of England. His father waswith Brown, Shipley Company, the London Branch of Brown Brothers (now BrownBrothers Harriman). Montagu Norman (1871-1950) came to New York to work forBrown Brothers in 1894, where he was befriended by the Delano family, and by JamesMarkoe, of Brown Brothers. He returned to England, and in 1907 was named to the Courtof the Bank of England. In 1912, he had a nervous breakdown, and went to Switzerland
to be treated by Jung, as was fashionable among the powerful group which herepresented. *Lord Montagu Norman was Governor of the Bank of England from 1916 to 1944. Duringthis period, he participated in the central bank conferences which set up the Crash of1929 and a worldwide depression. In The Politics of Money by Brian Johnson, he writes,"Strong and Norman, intimate friends, spent their holidays together at Bar Harbour and inthe South of France." Johnson says, "Norman therefore became Strong’s alter ego. . . ."Strong’s easy money policies on the New York money market from 1925-28 were thefulfillment of his agreement with Norman to keep New York interest rates below those ofLondon. For the sake of international cooperation, Strong withheld the steadying hand ofhigh interest rates from New York until it was too late. Easy money in New__________________________87 Carroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, Macmillan, New York, p. 326* When people of this class are stricken by guilt feelings while plotting world wars and economicdepressions which will bring misery, suffering and death to millions of the world’s inhabitants, theysometimes have qualms. These qualms are jeered at by their peers as "a failure of nerve". After a bout withtheir psychiatrists, they return to their work with renewed gusto, with no further digressions of pity for "thelittle people" who are to be their victims.York had encouraged the surging American boom of the late 1920s, with its fantasticheights of speculation." 88Benjamin Strong died suddenly in 1928. The New York Times obituary, Oct. 17, 1928,describes the conference between the directors of the three great central banks in Europein July, 1927, "Mr. Norman, Bank of England, Strong of the New York Federal ReserveBank, and Dr. Hjalmar Schacht of the Reichsbank, their meeting referred to at the time asa meeting of ‘the world’s most exclusive club’. No public reports were ever made of theforeign conferences, which were wholly informal, but which covered many importantquestions of gold movements, the stability of world trade, and world economy."The meetings at which the future of the world’s economy are decided are always reportedas being "wholly informal", off the record, no reports made to the public, and on the rareoccasions when outraged Congressmen summon these mystery figures to testify abouttheir activities they merely trace the outline of steps taken, and develop no informationabout what was really said or decided.At the Senate Hearings on the Federal Reserve System in 1931, H. Parker Willis, one ofthe authors and First Secretary of the Federal Reserve Board from 1914 until 1920,pointedly asked Governor George Harrison, Strong’s successor as Governor of theFederal Reserve Bank of New York:"What is the relationship between the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the moneycommittee of the Stock Exchange?"
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SECRETS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE By E
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In 1949, while I was visiting Ezra
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T.S. Elliot for "The Waste Land". P
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elieved in what they were up to. Wh
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1 Prof. Nathaniel Wright Stephenson
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In fact, no benefaction took place
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death, show that quite early on the
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was calling on anybody from Wall St
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It is notable that Stephenson chara
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Senator Cummins passed a resolution
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Its entire lack of adequate governm
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man", and was placed by Baruch in c
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year will be a bankers’ advisory
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"I myself have known more than one
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__________________________* See Hou
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* Dope, Inc., identifies Barings as
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NEARLY ALL DIFFERENCES AT 1:30 THIS
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Reserve Board. AND, only one member
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suspend or remove any officer or di
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"The purpose of the Federal Reserve
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that they paid in no cash at all, b
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candidate for Parliament, was he no
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to serve a great national purpose o
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correspondent banks of the New York
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Federal Reserve Board. These men ha
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The slave trade for centuries had i
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States, he probably was unaware tha
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35 John K. Winkler, Morgan the Magn
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existence. They participated to the
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The sire of the family, Mayer Amsch
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pounds sterling. Some of this incre
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50 Paul Emden, Behind The Throne, H
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