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Encoding with random keys: Subsetselection (select 3 of 5 elements)Encoding[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]X = [ 0.099, 0.216, 0.802, 0.368, 0.658 ]Decode by sorting vector of random keys[ 1, 2, 4, 5, 3 ]X = [ 0.099, 0.216, 0.368, 0.658, 0.802 ]EncodingTherefore, the vector of random keys:X = [ 0.099, 0.216, 0.802, 0.368, 0.658 ]encodes the subset: {1, 2, 4 }LION 7 ✤ January 2013BRKGA
Encoding with random keys: Assigning integerweights [0,10] to a subset of 3 of 5 elementsEncoding[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]X = [ 0.099, 0.216, 0.802, 0.368, 0.658 | 0.4634, 0.5611, 0.2752, 0.4874, 0.0348 ]LION 7 ✤ January 2013BRKGA
Page 1 and 2: Biased random-key geneticalgorithms
Page 3 and 4: Summary• Metaheuristics and basic
Page 5 and 6: MetaheuristicsMetaheuristics are hi
Page 7 and 8: Genetic algorithmsLION 7 ✤ Januar
Page 9 and 10: Genetic algorithmsIndividual: solut
Page 11 and 12: Genetic algorithmsGenetic algorithm
Page 13 and 14: Genetic algorithmsProbability of se
Page 15 and 16: Crossover and mutationmutationaComb
Page 17 and 18: Crossover and mutationmutationaComb
Page 19 and 20: Evolution of solutionsLION 7 ✤ Ja
Page 27 and 28: Encoding with random keys• A rand
Page 29 and 30: Encoding with random keys• A rand
Page 31 and 32: Encoding with random keys: Sequenci
Page 33 and 34: Encoding with random keys: Sequenci
Page 35: Encoding with random keys: Subsetse
Page 39 and 40: Encoding with random keys: Assignin
Page 41 and 42: GAs and random keys• Introduced b
Page 43 and 44: GAs and random keys• Introduced b
Page 45 and 46: GAs and random keys• Mating is do
Page 53 and 54: GAs and random keysInitial populati
Page 55 and 56: GAs and random keysAt the K-th gene
Page 57 and 58: GAs and random keysAt the K-th gene
Page 59 and 60: GAs and random keysEvolutionary dyn
Page 61 and 62: GAs and random keysEvolutionary dyn
Page 63 and 64: Biased random key genetic algorithm
Page 65 and 66: How RKGA & BRKGA differRKGAboth par
Page 67 and 68: How RKGA & BRKGA differRKGAboth par
Page 69 and 70: Paper comparing BRKGA and Bean'sMet
Page 71 and 72: Pr(t BRKGA≤ t RKGA) = 0.740Probab
Page 73 and 74: Pr(t BRKGA≤ t RKGA) = 0.999set co
Page 75 and 76: Pr(t BRKGA≤ t RKGA) = 0.733set co
Page 77 and 78: set k-coveringproblem: scp41-2Pr(t
Page 79 and 80: Pr(t BRKGA≤ t RKGA) = 0.881set k-
Page 81 and 82: Pr(t BRKGA≤ t RKGA) = 0.847set k-
Page 83 and 84: Observations• Random method: keys
Page 85 and 86: Observations• Random method: keys
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Framework for biased random-key gen
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Decoding of random key vectors can
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solutionNetwork monitor location pr
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Randomized heuristic iterationcount
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In most of the independent runs, th
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In most of the independent runs, th
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However, some runs take much longer
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However, some runs take much longer
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Probability that algorithm will tak
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Probability that algorithm will sti
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Restart strategies• First propose
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Restart strategy for BRKGA• Recal
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Example of restart strategy for BRK
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Specifying a biased random-key GA
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Specifying a biased random-key GA
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Specifying a biased random-key GAPa
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kgaAPI: A C++ API for BRKGA• Effi
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kgaAPI: A C++ API for BRKGA• Effi
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An example BRKGA:Packing weightedre
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Constrained orthogonal packing• G
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Constrained orthogonal packing• G
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Constrained orthogonal packing• r
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Constrained orthogonal packing• r
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ObjectiveAmong the many feasible pa
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ObjectiveAmong the many feasible pa
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ApplicationsProblem arises in sever
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Hopper & Turton, 2001Instance 4-2 6
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Hopper & Turton, 2001Instance 4-2 6
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BRKGA forconstrained 2-dimorthogona
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Encoding• Solutions are encoded a
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Decoding• Simple heuristic to pac
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Decoding• Simple heuristic to pac
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Decoding• A maximal empty rectang
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132 4BL can run into problems eveno
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433412RTPS: 1-2-4-312RTPS: 1-2-3-42
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Decoding• If LB is used, ERSs are
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1BL2BL3LB4BLERS[1]LION 7 ✤ Januar
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2BL3LB4BL1BLERS[1]LION 7 ✤ Januar
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3LB4BL1BL2BLLION 7 ✤ January 2013
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3LB4BLERS[2]1BL2BLLION 7 ✤ Januar
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4BL3LBERS[1]1BL2BLLION 7 ✤ Januar
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4BL4 does fitin ERS[2].3LBERS[2]1BL
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Experimental resultsLION 7 ✤ Janu
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Design• We compare solution value
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Design• We compare solution value
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Number of best solutions / total in
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New BKSfor a 100 x100doublyconstrai
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Some remarksWe have extended this t
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Literature• BRKGAs have been appl
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Telecommunications• Routing: Eric
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Scheduling• Job-shop scheduling:
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Network optimization• Concave min
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Packing• 2D orthogonal packing: G
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Transportation• Tollbooth assignm
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Automatic parameter tuning• GRASP
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Software• C++ API: Toso and R. (2
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brkga - AT&T Labs Research

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