Back to Table of Contentsin assaults. While there was a significant increase in drunk driving, the authors posit that this might have beendue to a change in the surveillance strategy of police.Chikritzhs, T., & Stockwell, T. (2002). The impact of later trading hours for Australian public houses(hotels) on levels of violence. Journal of Studies on <strong>Alcohol</strong>, 63(5), 591-599.These articles chronicle the effects of later alcoholic beverage trading hours in public houses in Perth, WesternAustralia on violence, impaired driver road crashes <strong>and</strong> driver breath alcohol levels. In Western Australia,the Liquor Licensing Act of 1988 outlines closing times for premises which are licensed to sell alcoholicbeverages. The act also allows these establishments to obtain an extended trading permit which allows foran hour of extra trading at closing times. When considering levels of violence, the authors compared thenumber of assaults associated with hotels that did <strong>and</strong> did not hold an extended trading permit. Resultsshowed a significantly greater number of assaults associated with hotels which held extended trading permits.Concerning traffic crashes <strong>and</strong> driver breath alcohol content, the authors also found a significant differenceassociated with hotels which held extended permits. However, no association was found between hotels thatheld extended trading permits <strong>and</strong> driver breath alcohol level.Additional References Not Annotated for Section 2.2.5Popova S., Giesbrecht N., Bekmuradov D., & Patra J. (2009) Hours <strong>and</strong> days of sale <strong>and</strong> density of alcoholoutlets: impacts on alcohol consumption <strong>and</strong> damage: a systematic review. <strong>Alcohol</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Alcohol</strong>ism, 44(5),500-516.Vingilis, E., McLeod, A. I., Mann, R. E., & Seeley, J. (2008). A tale of two cities: the effect of extendeddrinking hours in licensed establishments on impaired driving <strong>and</strong> assault charges. Traffic Injury Prevention,9(6), 527-533.McMillan, G. P., Hanson, T. E., & Lapham, S. C. (2007). Geographic variability in alcohol-related crashes inresponse to legalized Sunday packaged alcohol sales in Mew Mexico. Accident Analysis <strong>and</strong> Prevention, 39(2),252-257.Vingilis, E. (2007). The Effects of Establishing Closing Hours in Juarez, Mexico. Paper presented at theLimits on Hours of Sales <strong>and</strong> Service: Effects on Traffic Safety, Irvine, CA.Voas, R. B., Romano, E., & Kelley-Baker, T. (2007). The Effects of Establishing Closing Hours in Juarez,Mexico. Paper presented at the Traffic Safety <strong>and</strong> <strong>Alcohol</strong> Regulation: A Symposium, Irvine, CA.Chikritzhs, T., & Stockwell, T. (2006). The impact of later trading hours for hotels on levels of impaired driverroad crashes <strong>and</strong> driver breath alcohol levels. Addiction, 101(9), 1254-1264.Vingilis, E., McLeod, A. I., Seeley, J., Mann, R., Voas, R., & Compton, C. (2006). The impact of Ontario’sextended drinking hours on cross-border cities of Windsor <strong>and</strong> Detroit. Accident Analysis & Prevention,38(1), 63-70.Vingilis, E., McLeod, A. I., Seeley, J., Mann, R. E., Beirness, D., & Compton, C. P. (2005). Road safety impactof extended drinking hours in Ontario. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 37(3), 549-556.Foster, J. (2003). Extended alcohol licensing hours in Engl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Wales: There will be a large price to pay.Education, Prevention <strong>and</strong> <strong>Policy</strong>, 10, 285-287.Drummond, D. C. (2000). UK government announces first major relaxation in the alcohol licensing laws fornearly a century: Drinking in the UK goes 24-7. Addiction, 95(7), 997-998.47Back to Table of Contents
Back to Table of ContentsLigon, J., & Thyer, B. A. (1993). The effects of a Sunday liquor sales ban on DUI arrests. Journal of <strong>Alcohol</strong><strong>and</strong> Drug Education, 38(2), 33-40.McLaughlin, K. L., & Harrison-Stewart, A. J. (1992). The effect of a temporary period of relaxed licensinglaws on the alcohol consumption of young male drinkers. The International Journal of the Addictions, 27(4),409-423.Smith, D. I. (1988). Effect on traffic accidents of introducing Sunday alcohol sales in Brisbane, Australia. TheInternational Journal of the Addictions, 23(10), 1091-1099.2.2.6 Minimum Drinking Age LawsMinimum drinking age laws include not only the legal designation of a minimum purchase age, but a widevariety of measures aimed at discouraging <strong>and</strong> preventing access to alcohol by those below the legal age limit.In general, a considerable amount of research supports the notion that increasing the minimum legal drinkingage results in lower alcohol consumption <strong>and</strong> alcohol-related problems <strong>and</strong> fewer alcohol-related trafficfatalities among youth in the United States. Despite the strength of this evidence, debate remains over thisissue both from the perspective of questioning the evidence for effectiveness <strong>and</strong> from a rights perspectivethat is less concerned with saving lives. For example, one study argues that the reduction in traffic fatalities hasalso been associated with more accident protection in vehicles <strong>and</strong> more advanced medical technology <strong>and</strong>questions the potential for long term effects. Studies have also considered different kinds of outcomes linkedto the minimum legal drinking age, for example youth suicide rates were found to be lower in states with aminimum age of 21. In contrast, one study suggested that increasing the minimum age may have resultedin a small increase in marijuana use, potentially through a substitution effect due to the relative shift in thedifficulty of access. However, research generally suggests that alcohol <strong>and</strong> marijuana are complements (seeSection 2.14).Key Articles Cited In Section 2.2.6Miron, J. A., & Tetelbaum, E. (2009). Does the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Save Lives? EconomicInquiry, 47(2), 317-336.This paper explores whether the Federal Uniform Drinking Age Act which directed all states in the U.S. toadopt a minimum legal drinking age of 21 resulted in saving lives as a result of fewer alcohol related trafficaccidents. Reviewing state level data from the last 30 years, the authors conclude that any nationwide impactof raising the minimum legal drinking age occurred via states that chose to make this change prior to thedem<strong>and</strong> set forth by the Federal act. Furthermore, the authors conclude that the impact of the age change wasonly short term <strong>and</strong> did not extend past the year it was adopted, even in states that were the first to raise thelegal drinking age. Finally, the authors state that although the Federal m<strong>and</strong>ate has impacted teen drinking, thatimpact is minor. The authors attribute much of the decrease in traffic fatalities to improvements in automobiledesign <strong>and</strong> advances in medical technology.Fell, J.C., Fisher, D.A., Voas, R.B., Blackman, K. & Tippetts, A.S. (2008). The relationship of underagedrinking laws to reductions in drinking drivers in fatal crashes in the United States. Accident Analysis& Prevention, 40, 1430-1440.In this study laws prohibiting the possession <strong>and</strong> purchase of alcohol by those less than 21 years of age werefound to reduce the ratio of drinking to non-drinking drivers aged 20 <strong>and</strong> younger involved in fatal traffic48Back to Table of Contents
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Alcohol Policy Research &Alcoholic
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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION......
- Page 10 and 11: Back to Table of ContentsINTRODUCTI
- Page 12: Back to Table of ContentsSEARCH MET
- Page 16: Back to Table of ContentsSe c t i o
- Page 19 and 20: Back to Table of Contents1.1 Ingest
- Page 21 and 22: Back to Table of ContentsPoikolaine
- Page 23 and 24: Back to Table of Contents1.1.7 Driv
- Page 25 and 26: Back to Table of ContentsMartin, C.
- Page 27 and 28: Back to Table of ContentsHolder, H.
- Page 30 and 31: Back to Table of Contents2.1 What a
- Page 32 and 33: Back to Table of ContentsGiesbrecht
- Page 34 and 35: Back to Table of ContentsSmith, D.
- Page 36 and 37: Back to Table of Contentsbe the cas
- Page 38 and 39: Back to Table of ContentsWalsh, B.
- Page 40 and 41: Back to Table of ContentsAdditional
- Page 42 and 43: Back to Table of ContentsWilliams,
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- Page 50 and 51: Back to Table of ContentsFitzgerald
- Page 52 and 53: Back to Table of ContentsLivingston
- Page 54 and 55: Back to Table of Contentsfindings c
- Page 56 and 57: Back to Table of ContentsGiacopassi
- Page 58 and 59: Back to Table of ContentsMoore, W.
- Page 62 and 63: Back to Table of Contentscrashes by
- Page 64 and 65: Back to Table of ContentsKypri, K.
- Page 66 and 67: Back to Table of Contentscosts. Ove
- Page 68 and 69: Back to Table of ContentsCooper, D.
- Page 70 and 71: Back to Table of Contentstheir esta
- Page 72 and 73: Back to Table of ContentsHolder, H.
- Page 74 and 75: Back to Table of Contentsintentions
- Page 76 and 77: Back to Table of Contentsbeverage c
- Page 78 and 79: Back to Table of ContentsJones, S.C
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- Page 84 and 85: Back to Table of Contents3. Are all
- Page 86 and 87: Back to Table of Contents3.2 Higher
- Page 88 and 89: Back to Table of ContentsMukamal, K
- Page 90 and 91: Back to Table of ContentsKlatsky, A
- Page 92 and 93: Back to Table of ContentsKuntsche,
- Page 94 and 95: Back to Table of Contents3.4 Drink
- Page 96 and 97: Back to Table of ContentsLemmens, P
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- Page 101 and 102: Back to Table of Contents4. Why sho
- Page 103 and 104: Back to Table of ContentsHilton, M.
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- Page 107 and 108: Back to Table of ContentsRehm, J.,
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Back to Table of ContentsGreenfield
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NABCANational Alcohol Beverage Cont