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The Hague Global Child Labour Conference 2010 – Towards a World without ChildLabour, Mapping the Road to 2016 – Conference Reportalso needs to address education and its quality; currently no country meets therequirement for quality of education and many countries do not meet the requirement forthe amount of gross domestic product to be spent on education (6%). Getting mostchildren in primary education will solve a lot of the child labour problem. Professor JaapDoek concluded by asking “How much will you bet on the elimination of worst forms ofchild labour by 2016, and what will be the return?” He bets that the return will be 100 to 1.Mr. Bob Prouty from the Fast Track Initiative identified five mistakes or "myths" that aremade in the Education For All context: The first myth is related to financing; it would bemore effective to talk about choice in how to use finance, not only asking for more. Thesecond is that more focus on the provision of services will automatically increase thenumbers in education – there is a need to look at the various reasons children are out ofschool. The third myth is related to the mean, which is the focus on the average; Oneneeds to understand standard deviation and variation. The fourth is the macro myth,which is that because something is known in the aggregate that indicates what one needsto know at the micro level. The fifth myth is the micro myth, which is the idea that childlabour can be isolated and understood on its own.Mr. Haji Muhammad Javed from the Employers’ Federation of Pakistan expressed the needto be more strategic. Currently there are limited linkages between school skills, vocationaltraining and the labour market. There is a need to ensure that effective human resourcesmechanisms are put in place, including primary education. Policies also need to bedeveloped for the informal sector, where most worst forms of child labour are found.Attention should be paid to the rehabilitation of child labourers working in the informaleconomy. He also pointed out that Latin America had demonstrated the potential efficacyof conditional cash transfers in helping families break the poverty trap and reducing childlabour. He also called for actors to be more strategic and benefit from globalization, to“Think global. Act local.” A harmony also needs to be found between cultural practices atthe local level and international norms. All actors need to work together.Since the basic responsibility for addressingthe child labour issue belongs togovernments, they should acceptresponsibility at the highest level, developpolicies to eliminate the worst forms ofchild labour with social partners, ratify ILOConventions Nos. 138 and 182, ensure theirimplementation, and draw and review thelist of hazardous work in consultation withthe social partners. With regards toeducation, governments should ensurechildren’s access to education up to theminimum age for employment, including through the provision of free stationary,uniforms and transport. Teachers should be trained in order to increase the quality ofeducation and to increase attendance. Parents and students should also receive training.Mr. Haji Muhammad Javed announced a new initiative in which his employers’organization requested each member company, to sponsor five to ten children, providingthem with education, health and care. He concluded by saying that “I hope that thismeeting brings out some fruit, fruit for those that are suffering.”10
The Hague Global Child Labour Conference 2010Financing NeedsMongolia has had great success in mainstreaming the child labour issue. MinisterTugsjargal Gandi from the Ministry of Social Welfare and Labour of Mongolia explainedhow it has been integrated into the Comprehensive National Development Policy andsectoral development policy frameworks. This is in conjunction with numerous otherpolicies and strategies such as social dialogue, basic education for all, social welfarereforms and poverty reduction strategies and the child money programme that providesmonthly and quarterly child allowances. Since the ILO’s IPEC work began in Mongolia,there has been “a noticeable change in public attitude towards child labour” as well as areduction by 54.9-80 percent of child labour in project areas.Minister Gandi pointed out that in Mongolia 89.4 percent of childlabour is in rural areas, thus underscoring the need for measuresto protect children in agriculture and provide them witheducation and social services. Adapting the curriculum and theservices to the children and their families is key to effectivelyreducing child labour. One promising approach highlighted bythe Minister is mobile education (with close monitoring) forchildren of families working in mining and livestock husbandry.However, considerable financial resources are required to applythis approach as well as other forms of non-formal education,and currently there are not enough funds to extend theseservices to all children in need. The Minister also cited theshortage of school dormitories as one of the main reasons for dropouts in rural areas, andthe need to develop study materials and textbooks for children from ethnic minorities.Despite the constitutional provision of free and compulsory schooling to the age of 16,child protection legislation and poverty alleviation measures, child labour persists inNamibia, especially in agriculture and the domestic sphere. Minister Immanuel Ngatjizekofrom Namibia’s Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare highlighted the situations of some ofthe most vulnerable communities where children are at risk and some of the innovativeways in which challenges to tackling child labour in these communities could beaddressed. These were: schools with residential facilities for children of families working inagriculture, school feeding programmes to increase school attendance, mobile schools forchildren of nomadic communities and a holistic approach to HIV/AIDS-induced childlabour. However, these approaches all require funding, and limited resources means thatthese programmes are not being fully implemented. What this means in practice is thatmany “children found in child labour activities are not being withdrawn for lack ofalternative placements due to limited financial resources.”To address the fact that current financing is insufficient to meet the child labour goals,Professor Peter Dorman presented research on financial needs and opportunities. Thisincluded the quantification of the costs of eliminating the worst forms of child labour anda comparison of those with the resources necessary to implement the broader child healthagenda. He also quantified the costs of eliminating all child labour and related that toeducation and anti-poverty agendas. The presentation also highlighted opportunities forraising domestic resources through increasing tax revenue capacity, unitary taxation ofmultinational corporations and closing tax havens, as well as at the international levelthrough financial-transaction, global-carbon or arms-shipment taxes and solidarity levies.In conclusion, the potential resources could more than cover the costs of eliminating theworst forms of child labour and child labour more generally, including the costs ofeducation and income-transfer programmes.11
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