Identifying and Evaluating Hazards in Research Laboratories

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produce a better hazard analysis. It could be time-consuming for an inexperienced laboratoryworker, thus supervisory review is highly recommended. Most laboratory workers are trained insimple approaches to hazard analysis that may not adequately address the safety challenges theyface; thus, they may be resistant to using this more time-consuming method.12.4. Using the templateUsing Tables 12-1a and b as a model (not a fill-in-the-blank questionnaire) to identify and assesshazards, the laboratory worker should do the following. Create a list of steps or tasks in a column.In Table 12-1a and b, the following steps/tasks have been identified:• Regulatory Concerns• Human Factors• Facility• Materials• Equipment and Labware• Processes• Effect of change in design or conditions• Possibility for additive or synergistic effects or unknown effects• Effluents and waste management• Availability of PPE• Emergency Response Resources• Potential failure points or routine activities with high risk of harmNext, the model shows a column with typically hazards or issues related to the steps/tasks.Additional columns are added to the table to help the laboratory worker identify and evaluatehazards in a structured manner.12.5. Keys to successUse of this assessment tool can be intimidating if one feels a need to fill in every box on the table. Itis suggested that the list of topics and example issues be used first for a quick screen to identify themost obvious and pressing issues. However, once those have been identified and addressed, a morethorough review should be conducted to make sure that nothing has been overlooked and to ensurethat the identified issues have been fully addressed.69
Evaluate EachStep or TaskRegulatoryConcernsHuman FactorsFacilityMaterialsTable 12-1a: Structured Development of SOPs- Work from Detailed Scientific ProtocolHazard Identification - Knownand Potential Hazards - Safetyconstraints & restrictionsUnderstanding applicability, costconstraints, lack of options,delays, require assistance,permitsInexperienced worker, newexperiment, work hours, followsdirections, medical conditions,effect of errors, effect of cold orfatigue, language barrierLighting, handwash sink, egress,electrical circuits, ventilation,emergency equip., codeadherence, confined space,storage arrangements, sturdyshelvesBiological, Radiological,Chemicals; for chemicals--flammability, toxicity, PEL,Physical data, reactivity,corrosivity, thermal & chemicalstability, inadvertent mixing,routes of exposureSpecificissuesidentifiedRisk Assessment -What is most likelyto go wrong - whatare the mostsevereconsequenceseven if unlikely?Literaturesearch andconsultationwithexperiencedsupervisors forlessons learnedStrategies to Eliminate, Control or MitigateHazardCHP, OSHA carcinogen regulations, controlledsubstances DEA regulations, permits for selectagents and/or radioactive materials, etc.Reiterative training, enforce lab rules,supervision, ascertaining worker knowledge,ensure worker is well-informed, practicesmall, SOP's, buddy systemEnsure proper environment and conditions -can use checklistEliminate, substitute or reduce amt.?Detection & warning methods? Use ofadministrative, engineering or PPE controls(expand)Equipment andLabwareProcessEffect of changein design orconditionsPossibility foradditive orsynergistic effector unknowneffectsEffluents andwastemanagementAvailability ofPPEEmergencyResponseresourcesMaterials integrity, maintenance,piping, electrical, relief systems,ventilation systems, safetymechanismUnsafe quantity or concentration,unsafe temp, pressure, flow orcomposition, deviations,potential for runaway reactionMore energetic or toxic, increasepotential for release, hazards ofscale upLack of expertise or knowledge,newly synthesized materials,untested or unfamiliarequipment, materials orprocessesChallenges to proper disposal,potential for exposure orcontamination, hazardousreleases to air or waterInadequate PPE or shielding forhazard, cost factors, workercompliance, lack of alternativesInadequate or unavailable, lack ofknowledge about emergencyproceduresIntegrity check, right tool for job,maintenance, correct use, troubleshoot,normal and emergency operations delineatedChange process, small tests, test runs withouthazard present, acquire expert assistance,secondary controls, emergency responseactionsAssume and prepare for increased risks,identify these in order of potential, requirereview by experts, require continuousmonitoring, install safeguards, warningsystems, shut-down mechanisms and remotemonitoringMust be resolved before experiment, properdisposal containment and methods forexperiment wasteDesign experiment to reduce reliance on PPE,combine control methods, prohibit use ofinadequate PPEBuddy system, alarms, ensure availability ofequipment & personnel, emergency drills &training, spill kits, AEDPotential failurepoints or routineactivities withhigh risk of harmWeighing toxic materials on labbench, opening an autoclave,hard to close caps, lack of "kill"switchReview and change work practices, extensivetraining, instructions to address unexpected -failures, breakage
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Identifying and Evaluating Hazards
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FOREWORDBefore 2008 the U.S. Chemic
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe ACS’s Committ
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1. SCOPE AND APPLICATION1.1. ScopeT
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Hazard: A potential for harm. The t
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asic elements of a hazards identifi
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or substitution of materials; prima
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Safety Cultures in Academic Institu
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They must also be committed to perf
Page 20 and 21: 4. Unconscious competence: You are
Page 22 and 23: thresholds are understood and who h
Page 24 and 25: 8. CHEMICAL SAFETY LEVELS - AN APPR
Page 26 and 27: Table 8-1 is designed to help you d
Page 28 and 29: Table 8-1 Suggested Approach for Es
Page 30 and 31: • Chemical identity and Globally
Page 32 and 33: 9.2. JHA Template and InstructionsR
Page 34 and 35: Table 9-1: Example Job Hazard Analy
Page 36 and 37: 9.4. How to Assess Effective JHA Us
Page 38 and 39: Since it is based on a style of thi
Page 40 and 41: Determining the Scope of the Review
Page 42 and 43: In many cases the equipment may bev
Page 44 and 45: Material too concentratedValve/stop
Page 46 and 47: • If you have valves or stopcocks
Page 48 and 49: Department:ChemistryDescription of
Page 50 and 51: Table 10-4. Hazardous Gas ExampleDe
Page 52 and 53: This example illustrates the value
Page 54 and 55: Other measures of success include i
Page 56 and 57: year in the United States and are f
Page 58 and 59: hazard assessments associated with
Page 60 and 61: As previously referenced, developin
Page 62 and 63: higher level of granularity than at
Page 64 and 65: • User variability is minimized b
Page 66 and 67: Benefits and Limitations:The benefi
Page 68 and 69: Benefits and Limitations:The benefi
Page 72 and 73: Evaluate EachStep or TaskRegulatory
Page 74 and 75: for the use? has cylinder been main
Page 76 and 77: • Preparing for the experiment -
Page 78 and 79: 14. Dougherty, T. M. DiBerardinis,
Page 80 and 81: APPENDIX B: RISK RATINGRisk is the
Page 82 and 83: Table B-3. Example Hazard Risk Rati
Page 84 and 85: In order to provide a better strati
Page 86 and 87: APPENDIX C: SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Page 88 and 89: SummaryThe use of one control metho
Page 90 and 91: HAZARD TYPEGeneralChemicalChemicalC
Page 92 and 93: HAZARD TYPEGeneralMechanicalSpecifi
Page 94 and 95: Table E-1: Sample Portion of a Work
Page 96 and 97: Table E-2: Sample Portion of a Work
Page 98: Table F-1: Traditional Laboratory S
Page 101 and 102: Traditional Laboratory Safety Check
Page 103 and 104: Table F-2: Laboratory Hazard Risk A
Page 105 and 106: Hazard and ExposureCategoryAdequate
Page 107 and 108: Hazard and ExposureCategoryAdequate
Page 109 and 110: Table F-3: Laboratory Process Risk
Page 111 and 112: Hazard and ExposureCategoryAcute To
Page 113 and 114: Hazard and ExposureCategoryFall Haz
Page 115 and 116: Laboratory ProcessRisk AssessmentCh
Page 117 and 118: Laboratory ProcessRisk AssessmentCh
Page 119 and 120: USE AND STORAGEAuthorized personnel
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Table F-6: Chemical Hazard Assessme
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Are specific First-Aid supplies/pro
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APPENDIX G: SUPPORTING INFORMATION
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Table G-1a: Example of Completed Ma
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Table G-1b: Example of Completed Ma
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G-2: Example Standard Operating Pro
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Training Records“By my signature,
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