10 INFOTAINMENTINFOTAINMENT 11Plug-and-playfor seamlessinterconnectivityHarald Schöpp and Henry Muyshondt discuss how the automotive andconsumer worlds are coming together through MostAs consumers demand moredigital connectivity in theirvehicles, car designers areimplemen<strong>ting</strong> systems thatefficiently distribute audio, video andother content. These requirementshave led to the design of a futureproofsystem and networkingarchitecture in a car that can copewith the different development timeframes in the consumer and theautomotive worlds.While exis<strong>ting</strong> implementationsfocussed mainly on audio andstandard definition video, MediaOriented Systems Transport(Most) now provides distributednetwork protocols for multimediahigh definition (HD) audio-videonetworking. Most not only providesthe physical connection betweendevices, but also provides thesoftware infrastructure to manage thecomplexity of having multiple devicescommunica<strong>ting</strong> with each other.As telephones, navigationsystems, portable media devicesand infotainment systems areintegrated to provide a richentertainment experience to driversand passengers, all these devices needto communicate with each other soas not to overwhelm the user withthe details of moving audio andvideo to multiple stations in the car.Most technology provides the basisMultimedia in the carfor infotainment systems where theuser’s attention between informationand entertainment is shared in anappropriate way while being releasedfrom standard routine tasks riskingan erroneous distraction or reaction.A quite common example is a radiothat mutes automatically when thetelephone is ringing.Integra<strong>ting</strong> consumerelectronicsAutomobiles evolve in fundamentallydifferent time frames than consumerelectronics products, with theconsumer electronics industrymoving at a much faster pace. Mosttechnology provides a way to buildinmajor technological advances intothe automotive system, even as theyevolve, while relega<strong>ting</strong> specific andrapidly changing consumer interfacesto gateways attached to the vehiclebackbone. The Most standard helpsensure that the backbone is built towithstand the harsh environmentaland electromagnetic conditions in thecar, and that changes in the pipelinethat move audio and video around areunder the control of the car maker.Virtual network managementfunctions include channel allocation,system monitoring, addressing andpower management. The synergywith consumer and PC industries ispossible through consistency with PCstreaming and that it operates withor without a PC. The most efficientand cost effective way to continuethe innovations in all these areas isto allow the devices to be developedindependently and then be connectedtogether by a Most gateway usingstandard hardware and softwareinterfaces. The (less robust) consumertechnologies can then be properlyprotected from this environment withmore specialised interface products.These products can extract theaudio and video information from thelatest consumer device and formatit for transport to the screens andamplifiers that are optimised forthe car. The clear trend is to enablethe automotive system to attach therequired features instead of providingevery possible upcoming interface.With the gateway, Most will offera way to decouple successfully theautomotive development cycles fromthe consumer electronics cycles.The Most Cooperation hasworked together with the Consumer<strong>Electronics</strong> Association to drive theconvergence of consumer electronicsand the automobile over gateways toaftermarket components such as IPodand MP3 player cradles, Bluetoothand so on. With the integration ofDVD audio and DVD video into digitalnetworks, content protection hasbecome a requirement.Most was the first network tobe fully approved by the DVDUsing Most technology as the backboneCopy Control Association to carryDTCP digital transmission contentprotection. HD-DVD and Blu-raycontent over Most is also supportedsince AACS advanced access contentspecifications allow digital outputsthat are DTCP protected.Universal plug-and-playFor fast and flexible connectivityof consumer devices to the in-carMost network, it was discussed atthe latest Most Forum conferencehow universal plug-and-play (UPnP)can be leveraged in a Most basedinfotainment system. UPnP describesa standard of the home entertainmentand consumer electronics world,providing standard interfaces formany entertainment functions.Due to its capability to transportEthernet frames and IP based servicestransparently, UPnP can seamlesslymigrate into car infotainmentapplications as well. The embedded carworld and the consumer world can beblended seamlessly.UPnP was defined to connect thedevices of a home entertainmentnetwork. It is based on standardinternet protocols such as TCP/IP andHTTP that are not domain-specific.UPnP provides the mechanismsfor detec<strong>ting</strong> devices in an IPnetwork and to provide and accessservices. Currently, UPnP is seeingwidespread use for example for thecommunications between streamingservers and clients and for managingDSL routers.Different scenarios for using UPnPin a Most network are possible. Forexample, UPnP may be used forcommunications between a front anda rear-seat entertainment system aswell as for accessing external mobilemedia devices. The goal is to useUPnP as a standard communicationsmechanism in the near future.In detail, the use of UPnP as a Most-IP gateway is being looked at. Thetarget is to offer a smooth method forthe integration of consumer devicesinto the vehicle across a layer-threenetwork. Dedicated signalling isnecessary to establish audio streamingbetween a consumer device and thevehicle’s infotainment system.A major constraint for applyingUPnP AV (audio-video) for thein-vehicle infotainment networkis to reuse Most devices withoutmodifications. A further constraintis the need to comply with typicalautomotive software requirements,such as not using dynamic memoryallocation and not crea<strong>ting</strong> opera<strong>ting</strong>system objects such as tasks, messagesand so on during runtime.A central vehicle gateway, whichalready offers support for Mostand TCP/IP, may be selected for theintegration of the UPnP AV services.The gateway has already been ableto transform messages from MostConnectivity in a carautomotive electronics | june/july 2010www.automotive-electronics.co.ukwww.automotive-electronics.co.uk june/july 2010 | automotive electronics
12 INFOTAINMENTMost 150 meets the requirements not only for the traditional areasof entertainment and information, but also for the new domains ofmobile connectivity, connected services and driver assistanceto Ethernet and vice versa in atransparent way by mee<strong>ting</strong> bothprotocol definitions. Due to thealready exis<strong>ting</strong> capabilities of thisECU, it addresses both streamingamong different physical layers andinterworking between Most and IPbased technologies.Ethernet channelAs more and more portable consumerdevices also support wireless services,the latest generation of Most –Most 150 – supports a fully featureembedded Ethernet channel, whichoffers up to 150Mbit/s bandwidth.This channel carries legacy Ethernetpackets (according to IEEE 802.3) sostandard TCP/IP stacks can be usedwithout change.Thus, the new generation of Mostprovides the automotive-readyphysical layer for Ethernet in the carsuppor<strong>ting</strong> a broad variety of IP basedapplications. This embedded TCP/IPprotocol support makes it obsolete toadd a specific Ethernet network ontop of the exis<strong>ting</strong> vehicle multimedianetwork. The combination of Ethernetand Most allows vehicle makers touse the best functionality that eachtechnology has to offer.USB connectionUSB has become the interface ofchoice for many consumer electronicsdevices. Mobile phones, media players,GPS receivers and other devices areadop<strong>ting</strong> it, even if they don’t need tocommunicate data, because it providesa common way to charge the batteriesin these devices.However, standard consumer USBcables may introduce significantelectromagnetic emissions to thevehicle. Instead of using cables to acentral location, USB ports can belocated where consumers will connecttheir devices while sending contentfrom those devices over the Mostnetwork backbone.Most enhances the single hostmultipledevice architecture of USBby providing the distributed controlarchitecture (multiple controllers andslaves) and simple mechanisms foralloca<strong>ting</strong> the entertainment contentthat is stored in various consumerproducts.WirelessWireless technologies, such asBluetooth and Wifi, are also used toconnect nomadic devices to Most.They cannot completely replace wiredproducts due to the need to charge thebatteries of these portable components,but they are complementary to thesystems in the car.These technologies allow forseamless transfer of informationwithout having to be physicallyconnected to the car. Other upcomingapplications may include broadbandcommunications channels toother vehicles (car-to-car) or tohotspots in the environment (carto-infrastructure).However, fortransmission inside the vehicle,wireless is not really optimised.Given the more or less unpredictableQoS in a moving vehicle, a wire- (orfibre-) bound data transmission ishighly desirable. In some cases, forexample if some emergency datacoming into the car by potentiallyeven multiple wireless servicesneed to be transported inside thecar to generate driver warnings oreven emergency actions, a reliablebackbone is a must. At the same time,no additional cost must be introducedinto the vehicle. So the exis<strong>ting</strong> Mostbackbone is suitable even for thesekinds of services.SummaryThe Most specifications today satisfyfuture requirements of automotiveinfotainment systems to moveinformation and interconnectcomponents such as multi-channelDVD players, satellite receivers, digitalAV players, digital storage devices,telematics systems and rear-seatentertainment systems. An Ethernetchannel carries legacy Ethernetpackets so standard TCP/IP stacks canbe used without change.Through this embedded transportcapability, a seamless connectivitybetween Most and legacy extensionssuch as Ethernet, USB or wlan ispossible with almost zero overhead.Multiple high-definition video streamsand multi-channel surround soundwith premium quality of service canbe transmitted, while simultaneouslymoving high loads of packet dataaround. The system provides allprerequisites for digital contentprotection.Most is the technology chosen byall car makers that have implementeda high speed multimedia network intheir production vehicles. It is thede-facto industry standard for thisapplication. Car makers are buildingconnections to this backbone toprovide the link to the consumerworld. So Most is the perfectinfrastructure to pave the way for theseamless consumer devices into thevehicle.The automotive industry is comingtogether with the consumer industryto extend seamlessly the consumer’sdigital lifestyle to wherever theconsumer is located – at home, in thecar and everywhere else. lHarald Schöpp is a member of theMost Cooperation steering committeeand vice president of marke<strong>ting</strong>at SMSC <strong>Automotive</strong> InformationSystems and Henry Muyshondtis technical liaison for the MostCooperation and senior director ofbusiness development at SMSCETAS GroupWe supply a comprehensiveportfolio of standardiseddevelopment and diagnostictools that cover the entire lifecycle of electronic controlunits, from development tooperational use and service.ETAS has a strong presencein the UK with a sales andtechnical support officebased in Derby, and a softwaredevelopment centrefocussing on AUTOSARembedded software componentsbased in York.N.B. Keep 30th September free for Driving Innovation 2010.Join us at Donington Park where ETAS and partner organisations will beexhibi<strong>ting</strong> the latest in automotive development tools and services anddiscussing the development of low emission vehicle systems.ETAS Ltd.Unit 2AMeteor Business ParkMeteor CentreMansfield RoadDerby DE21 4SUUKPhone +44 1332 253770Fax +44 1332 253779sales.uk@etas.comautomotive electronics | june/july 2010www.automotive-electronics.co.uk