VEHICLE RECOVERY - Pirate4x4.Com

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FM 21-305/AFMAN 24-306Vehicle Without Winch (Single Wheels). Place a barthrough the hole in the end of the axle flange of eachrear wheel. On each wheel, fasten one end of therope to the bar and the other to an anchor. Movethe vehicle in reverse gear to wind the rope in behindthe bar (File 22-5). This procedure cannot be usedon vehicles equipped with a Center Tire InflationSystem (CTIS).Two-Vehicle Winch OperationMechanical advantage is gained by using amechanism to transmit force. A small force, whenmoved through a long distance by one or moremechanisms (pulleys), will move a large weight(vehicle) for a short distance. Use one of the followingprocedures when rigging for greater mechanicaladvantage.Two-Part Line. This simple hookup gives a 2:1mechanical advantage (Figure 22-6). Attach asnatch block to the load. Next, run your winch cablethrough the block and secure the cable to the winchvehicle. Place a log in front of the towing vehicle tohelp hold its ground.Three-Part Line. To get a mechanical advantage of31, use two snatch blocks – one at the load and oneon the winch vehicle (Figure 22-7). Thread thewinch cable first through the block on the load, backthrough the block on the winch, and then again tothe load where it is secured.Four-Part Line. To get a 4:1 mechanical advantage,use two snatch blocks – a double-sheave block forthe load and a single-sheave block for the winchvehicle (Figure 22-8). Thread the winch cablethrough one sheave of the double block attached tothe load back through the single sheave on the winchvehicle, and again to the load through the secondsheave of the double block. Finally secure it to thewinch vehicle.Winch SafetyCable. Recovery operations take time. Do nothurry. A broken winch line reacts like a whip. Whenhooking to a vehicle, use both shackles wheneverpossible so effort is applied equally and damage tothe vehicle is minimized.Never bend the wire cable at a sharp angle.Straighten out all kinks and twists as you take up theslack. Do not let tractors or vehicles with metaltracks run over the cable. Such abuse flattens thecable, exposes the Manila hemp core, and lets waterenter, causing internal rust and weakening the cable.WARNINGStand clear of a winch cable before it istightened. A cable being tightened maybreak and whip back with enough force toseriously maim or kill.After using the winch, have one person or preferablytwo pull back on the cable while it is wound slowlyand evenly on the drum in accordance with theappropriate vehicle operator -10 TM. Keep thecable lubricated according to the vehicle lubricationorder.Shear Pin. When the winch is overloaded, theshear pin breaks to protect the cable. Never usemakeshift shearing of unknown strength toreplace a broken pin. Too strong a pin may snapthe cable and damage the winch. Use onlyauthorized replacement pins. Do not depend onthe shear pin for protection. Even with the properpin installed, a kinked, damaged, or weakenedcable may snap. Vehicles with electric wincheshave circuit breakers to protect the winch fromoverloading. Check the appropriate vehicleoperator -10 TM for correct winch.22-4
FM 21-305/AFMAN 24-306MAN POWER <strong>RECOVERY</strong>Recovery operations with limited man power andmaterial at hand can be successful if you haveenough time.If your vehicle has dropped into a hole or ditch,man power can get it out. First, find an 8-footlength of timber or similar material with a diameterthat available personnel can handle. Place asuitable fulcrum near the point of lift — a log orrock that will not move when pressure is applied.Rig the lever under the bumper for the first lift.Block when you have gained all you can. Rerig fora second lift with the point of the lever under theaxle if possible. Lift and block. Repeat these stepsuntil the vehicle can be backed off without toomuch trouble.If you are alone and must move a light vehicle ashort distance without power, use a lever. You willneed a fairly long pole or crowbar, a rope, cable, orchain, and a suitable anchorage for the point of thebar. The distance from the lever to the point of attachmentof the tow rope must be quite short togive you enough advantage. You will not move veryfar at each try, but you will be able to move slowly.22-5
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