Proceedings of the 2004 Bats and Wind Power Generation ...
Proceedings of the 2004 Bats and Wind Power Generation ...
Proceedings of the 2004 Bats and Wind Power Generation ...
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CHAPTER 3: WHAT ARE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT KNOWLEDGE GAPS?TABLE 3. KNOWLEDGE GAPS♦ Top PrioritiesBAT / TURBINE INTERACTIONSBAT BEHAVIOR (INDIVIDUAL)USE VS. BEHAVIORBAT ECOLOGYSTUDY DESIGN DETECTION MECHANISM OFMORTALITYMITIGATIONMEASURESIDENTIFYTECHNOLOGIES• Bat migration patterns♦♦♦♦♦• Importance <strong>of</strong> turbine mortality onmaintenance <strong>of</strong> viable bat populations♦♦♦♦• Relative density <strong>of</strong> bat migration in time<strong>and</strong> space♦♦♦• How is bat migration (especially height)affected by wea<strong>the</strong>r?♦♦♦• Where bats fly? ( scale dependent)♦♦• No clear idea <strong>of</strong> bat behavior duringautumn migration (e.g. group size, roostsused, flight characteristics)♦• Do migrating bats echolocate?♦• How do bats respond to turbine sounds?♦• Are numbers killed in proportion tonumbers in local area at time <strong>of</strong> kills?♦• Spatial <strong>and</strong> temporal use <strong>of</strong> site by batsbefore selection for wind development• How bats (affected) migrate over <strong>the</strong>l<strong>and</strong>scape?• How does site alteration affect bat behavior<strong>and</strong> use?• Temporal variation in bat activity levels• What makes bats vulnerable to collidingwith turbines?• Best study design formortality studies♦♦♦♦♦♦♦• Need to developpredictive models♦♦♦♦• Demographics (age,sex) <strong>and</strong> conditions(stomach contents,fat, injuries) <strong>of</strong> killedbats♦♦♦• Need st<strong>and</strong>ardizedsearch protocols <strong>and</strong>bias-correctionestimates♦♦• Factors contributingto risks for batsaround turbines♦• Need intensivestudies to evaluateprotocols <strong>and</strong> biascorrections• What does aturbine look like toa bat? (visually)♦• Test acousticdeterrents• What echoes arereflected byblades?• What sounds areproduced byturbines?• Test ways to markturbines as anobstacle to bats• What causes batmortality? (Impact,turbulence,disorientation)♦♦♦♦♦• How collisionsactually occur- have not seenany• Lack <strong>of</strong> knowledge<strong>of</strong> wind turbulence<strong>and</strong> effects onbats• Operationalflexibility♦♦♦♦♦• Defineacceptabletechnologies♦♦♦♦<strong>Bats</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Power</strong> <strong>Generation</strong> Technical Workshop 6
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