BALANCING FAMILY AND WORK ROLES : EXPECTATIONS OF ...

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mate, a lover and/or special friends). Besides that, the global self worth, (one’s globalperception of worth, independently of the particular domain of competence or adequacy)was also evaluated (Table 1).Table 1. Instruments : Psychological Separation Inventory, Thinking Styles Inventory, Workand Family Orientation and Adult Self-Perception Profile.Instrument Authors Dimensions N. Items Examples of ItemsPsychologicalSeparationInventoryThinkingStylesInventoryformsHoffman, 1984Sternberg &Wagner, 1997ConflictualEmotionalFunctionalIdeologicalMonarchicHierarchicAnarchicOligarchic8832Sometimes, I think I’mtoo dependentfrom my mother.I like to set prioritiesfor the things I needto do before startdoing them.Work andFamilyOrientationAdult Self-PerceptionProfileSpence &Helmreich,1978Messer &Harter, 1986-Work-Effort-Mastery-Competition-Partner’s work status-Indifference towardpeers-Job Competence-Nurturance-Adequacy as aprovider-HouseholdManagement-Intimate relationships- Global Self Worth2726I really like to workin activitieswhich requireskills and competitionSome adults are notvery organized incompleting householdtasks BUT other adultsare organized incompleting householdtasks.3.2 SubjectsThe sample comprised 672 male (33%) and female (67%) students, attending publicand private university institutions from the North and Centre of Portugal. The mean age is20,74 years old, with a mode of 19 (ranging from 17 to 45 years). The students wereattending Arts/Foreign Languages, Law, Engineering, Psychology, Management, Social andMedical Sciences. For comparison purposes, subjects were distributed into five groupsaccording to the importance attributed to marriage/conjugality and employment/work (Table2). The distribution in each group is not casual (Pearson Chi-Square = 18.244 ; p< .001).http://aifref.uqam.ca – Actes du VIIIe Congrès de l’AIFREF 8
Table 2. Sample according to gender and importance attributedto marriage and employmentMasculineGENDERFeminineTOTALIMPORTANCE ATTRIBUTED TO MARRIAGE <strong>AND</strong> EMPLOYMENTG1Marriage as the most importantG2Marriage as more important thanemploymentG3Marriage as equally important asemploymentG4Employment as more importantthan marriageG5Employment as the mostimportant35 41 7691 147 23876 204 2805 28 3317 28 45TOTAL 224 448 6724. RESULTS4.1 Gender differencesAs expected, the analysis of table 3 shows that female university students are moreindependent of their parents, on ideological (F=8.840 ; p≤ .005) and functional (F=11.773 ;p≤. 001) dimensions, than their male counterparts and less conflictually independent(F=4.515 ; p≤ .050). However, male university students are less emotionally independentthan female students (F= 41.693 ; p≤ .001) (Graph 2). The hypothesis 1.1 is partiallyconfirmed.9 http://aifref.uqam.ca – Actes du VIIIe Congrès de l’AIFREF
Page 2 and 3: This framework implies a longer eco
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Page 10 and 11: Table 3. Emotional, ideological, fu
Page 12 and 13: (F=3.652 ; p≤. 010), ideological
Page 14 and 15: increase their dependence on parent
Page 16: Vasconcelos, P. (1998). Práticas e

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