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Energy Science (Andrews and Jelley (2007)). Chapter 2 – Thermal Energy: Sections 2.3, 2.4. onefficiency of thermal power plants Chapter 10: Section 10.1* on power generation, Chapter 11,Section 11.2 on economics of power plants.4: Wind Power and HydroThe majority of this class will cover wind power. Specifically, it will cover the science behind thetechnology (“how it works”), the economics and environmental impact of wind farms and also discusssome market structure, policy and resource considerations, including the use of economic incentives (suchas production tax credits (PTCs)), technological improvements, installed capacity and how changingfossil fuel prices and other commodity costs are affecting the relative and absolute economics of thistechnology. The latter part of the class will cover hydroelectric power which has some interestingsimilarities and differences to wind.Note: A similar approach – with varying degrees of detail and rigor, will be used for other technologiesWiser, Ryan and Bollinger, Mark, 2010 Wind Technologies Market Report, Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory for the U.S Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,June 2011. http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/emp/reports/lbnl-4820e.pdfBonneville Power Administration, Hydropower: How the Federal Columbia River Power Systemworks for you, (2011)*. http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/pubs/Hydro_101.pdf,http://www.bpa.gov/power/pg/fcrps_brochure_17x11.pdfStone, Richard. “Three Gorges Dam: Into the Unknown” Science, 321, August 2008.Department of Energy, “Executive Summary and Overview”, 20% Wind Energy by 2030: IncreasingWind Energy’s Contribution to U.S. Electricity Supply, DOE/GO-102008-2567, May 2008*.http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/pdfs/41869.pdf (Supplementary reading - Optional)Energy Science (Andrews and Jelley (2007)). Chapter 5 - Wind Power: Sections 5.1 to 5.5, 5.7* and5.9 to 5.16, and Chapter 4 - Hydropower, Wave Power and Tidal Power: Sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.4.1 and4.5 for hydropower and 4.6*, 4.7 and 4.8 for tidal power.5: Solar EnergyThe majority of this class will cover solar energy and focus on the two main technologies – Photovoltaiccells (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), with more emphasis on the former, including its use asdistributed or grid-independent resources. As for wind the class will cover the science (“how it works”),economics and environmental impact of solar technologies and also discuss some market structure, policyand resource considerations. PV discussion will range from single cell silicon PV to the use of multijunctioncells (often) in concentrated PV.McConnell, Robert and Symko-Davis, Martha, “ What’s New in Concentrating PV” , PV FAQ, U.SDepartment of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (2008).Kutcher, Charles F. “Chapters on CSP and PV”, Tackling Climate Change in the U.S.: PotentialCarbon Emissions Reductions from Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by 2030, AmericanSolar Energy Society, January 2007. http://ases.org/images/stories/file/ASES/climate_change.pdf(Supplementary reading - Optional)Energy Science (Andrews and Jelley (2007)). Chapter 6 - Solar Energy: Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.3*, 6..4,6.5, 6.6, 6.7.2, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 6.11DRAFT, August 23 rd 2012 (original version January 11, 2010, and previously updated August 24, 2010 andMay 20 , 2011, and January 6, 2012). Based in part with modifications on course instructor developed forEnvironmental Challenges for Energy Technology and Policy (Original syllabus drafted September 1 st 2008,updated August 15 th 2009)
.6 &7: Conventional Generation: Coal, Gas and NuclearThis selection of topics, which is likely to be two classes will cover “conventional” generation,specifically coal, natural gas and nuclear powered technologies following a similar format to the earliertreatment of renewable energy technologies. Both current and anticipated future technologies, such asIntegrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) will be covered. All these technologies work on theprinciple of a “heat engine” which places significant physical limits on achievable energy efficiency ofconversion of heat to useful work (in this case mechanical energy which is then converted to electricity),and this will be explained. To do this we will cover some basic ideas in thermodynamics (energyconservation (1 st law) and limits to energy conversion to useful work (as in generating electricity, say)(2 nd law, including the concept and use of entropy). Idealized (Carnot) and real heat-to useful work“engines”, including the thermal steam turbine (using Rankine Cycle) and gas or combustion turbine (CT)(using a Brayton cycle) will be considered.It is critical to understand the potential role of these technologies since they represent the vast majority ofthe existing sources of power, and are likely to play a prominent role going forward, though the exact rolewill be dependent of policies, technological improvements and natural resources; it is also likely to varysignificantly by country. The environmental impact of these technologies and technological barriers tofuture investment vary markedly and these issues will be discussed.These technologies often have significant advantages (nuclear from a carbon mitigation perspective) andchallenges (e.g. coal, and to a lesser extent gas from a carbon perspective and nuclear from treatment ofwaste and potential nuclear proliferation concerns). These issues will be discussed explicitly.Technologies used in the US to reduce “acid rain” resulting from SO 2 and NO x emissions, primarily fromcoal generation will also be discussed briefly.Deutch, John, and Moniz, Ernest J. (Co-Chairs), “Chapter 2: The Role of Coal in Energy Growth andCO2 Emissions”, “Chapter 3: Coal-Based Electricity Generation” The Future of Coal, MITInterdisciplinary Study (2007). http://web.mit.edu/coal/Fowler, Michael, “Heat Engines: The Carnot Cycle”, from course notes of “Heat andThermodynamics”, University of Virginia (2008).EPA, Cap and Trade: Acid Rain Basics. http://www.epa.gov/airmarkt/cap-trade/docs/arbasics.pdfEPA, Cap and Trade: Acid Rain Program Results. http://www.epa.gov/airmarkt/captrade/docs/ctresults.pdfEnergy Science (Andrews and Jelley (2007)). Chapter 2 – Thermal Energy: Sections 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6,2.7, 2.8, 2..10 and 2.11; Chapter 8 – Energy from Fission: Sections 8.1, 8.2, 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.2.3*, 8.3*,8.4, 8.5*, 8.6 to 8.11.8: Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)An important consideration of whether coal technology becomes an environmentally attractive option iswhether the carbon dioxide emissions can be separated and then stored (or sequestrated) in a costeffective manner. This class will cover carbon capture and sequestration, and will include discussion oftechnological, economics, environmental and policy challenges, and well as how the role of uncertaintyfactors into investment decisions; to a considerable extent the economic feasibility of CCS is likely todepend on how future carbon dioxide emissions are priced.IPCC, “Technical Summary”, IPCC Special Report: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration(2005). http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/srccs/srccs_technicalsummary.pdfDRAFT, August 23 rd 2012 (original version January 11, 2010, and previously updated August 24, 2010 andMay 20 , 2011, and January 6, 2012). Based in part with modifications on course instructor developed forEnvironmental Challenges for Energy Technology and Policy (Original syllabus drafted September 1 st 2008,updated August 15 th 2009)
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