B/CA Analysis: Cessna Citation V

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P ilotReportThe Citation V’s horizontal stabilizer and full-span elevatorsections measure 21.5 feet, tip-to-tip, comparedwith the 19-foot span of the Citation II tail.The area of the Citation V’s horizontal tail is 84.8square feet compared with 69.8 square feet for theCitation II and S/II. The aspect ratio of the new tail is5.43 compared to 5.96.Of course, there’s a lot more beef in the vertical stabilizerand in the empennage itself to handle higher rotationand inflight loads.INCREASED POWER AND RELIABILITYThe final major element in Citation V evolution is representedby its powerplants. Cessna listens to its owners,and the item at the top of every Citation owner’s wishlist always has been “more power.” More power wouldhelp with the rest of the wish list items that usuallyinclude “higher, faster cruise at heavier weights.” Thusthe change to the latest in P&W small-engine technology-theJT15D-5A.The -5A engine develops 2,900 pounds static thrustcompared to 2,500 pounds for the -4 engine used onthe Citation II. The -5A has a new, high-efficiencyexhaust nozzle and its bypass ratio is reduced to 2.1-to-1 compared with 2.5-to-1 for the -4. The reduction inbypass ratio improves altitude performance.Cessna elected to outfit the -5A engines in this installationwith hydromechanical fuel controllers rather thanthe electronic fuel controllers mounted on -5s that powerthe T-47 Citation derivative. Mechanical fuel controllersimprove dispatch reliability, while electronic fuel controllersreduce cockpit workload. Cessna believes thatcorporate operators will gladly put up with power monitoringchores to avoid some of the maintenance hasslesinherent to electronic fuel controllers. On the otherhand, the U.S. Navy’s training mission can be prettyrough on engines, and the military seems willing totrade dispatch reliability for insurance against engineovertemps and overtorques committed by ham-handedstudents. Target-type, hydraulically actuated thrustreversers are standard.MORE MEANS MOREDevelopment of the Model 560 gave the Wichita companya chance to make several other substantialimprovements. The TKS leading edge anti-ice systemthat was introduced on the S/II is gone (few tears willbe shed). The messy, heavy TKS has been replaced bylow-profile inflatable boots on the outboard panels andby bleed-air-heated leading edges on the inboard sectionsforward of the engine intakes. Nose and tail baggage-doorlocks and the door-ajar warning circuitryhave been changed to improve door security and toreduce false warnings.Interior changes begin in the cockpit with standardtwo-tube, Honeywell EFIS on the left side and a Global-WulfsbergGNS-X nav management system (completewith Loran-C sensor) in the console between thepilots’ seats.Improvements in the passenger cabin are impressive,too. The 20 inches of fuselage stretch belongs to thesame seven-to-nine passenger seats that occupied theshorter-fuselage Citations. In other words, Cessna didn’tattempt to cram more seats into the space but ratheruses it to give Citation V passengers more light and livingspace.The standard fully articulated passenger seats havebeen redesigned to take advantage of the stretch byreclining a full, almost berth-like 60 degrees. Lumbarsupport has been improved, too. New soundproofingand triple-glazed elliptical windows make the CitationV’s cabin one of the quietest in the industry.What all these changes and improvements mean tothe crew and passengers can be best seen aloft. B/CAhad the opportunity to fly the first production aircraftavailable with a complete interior- Cessna’s demonstrator,N562CV-shortly after it was certificated.FLYING THE CITATION VOn our way to the Citation V’s spot on the delivery center’sapron, we climbed aboard a Citation II demonstratorand sat in the back to reacquaint ourselves with its(relatively) short fuselage.After a little while we moved on to the Citation V andimmediately felt the positive effect of the lengthenedcabin. That extra 20 inches provides a significantadded feeling of spaciousness. Inclusion of the extrawindows increased general cabin brightness and thusprevented the tunnel effect that sometimes occurs whenan airplane is stretched.While we were still on the ground we sampled theCitation V’s new “deep reclining” (brochure words)passenger seats. The brochures were correct: Lumbarsupport is much improved over earlier efforts.The seats, which track laterally and rotate 360degrees, are solid and well-crafted as are the other interiorelements. Cabinetry is tight, hinges align and drawershave a massive feel. Of course, this is as it shouldbe in a new aircraft, but our evaluation pilots havebeen disappointed often by the lack of interior craftsmanshipin some of the new offerings of various airframemanufacturers.One sign of the times can be seen in the Citation V’sashtray design. The ashtrays at each seat can be convertedto cup/glass holders in two seconds for thosecorporate airplanes on which smoking is forbiddenwhichis more the rule now than the exception. Whilethis is a small item, it shows that Cessna interiorCOPYRIGHT 1995 THE MCGRAW-HILL COMPANIES, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
P ilotReportdesigners are paying attention to small details, andthat’s good.CABIN COMFORTSDuring the evaluation flight, B/CA’s pilot climbed out ofthe cockpit and went aft to sample this interior aloft. It’sa winner in every respect.Cessna’s efforts at sound control are especiallyapparent. The evaluation pilot sat in the rearmost cabinseat and held a normal-voice conversation with thedemonstration pilot in the copilot seat. The airplanewas at max cruise speed at FL 430.While we may be getting ahead of the demonstrationflight chronology, it seems appropriate to notenow that cabin pressure and temperature were controlledflawlessly. Despite rapid power manipulations,engine shutdowns and a max-effort descent thatpegged the IVSI at 6,000 fpm, we didn’t suffer a singlepressurization bump or ear pop. Ventilation isthorough and not at all drafty.The Citation V has a nominal working maximum pressuredifferential of 9.0 psi compared with 8.7 psi forearlier Citations. Thus the Model 560 can maintain asea-level cabin at 23,586 feet and 8,000-foot cabin altitudeat its maximum certified altitude of 45,000 feet msl.Getting back to the chronology, Cessna demonstrationpilot Steve McCartney hosted B/CA on a first-flightof-the-daywalk-around inspection. The first thing wenoticed was the generally high quality of the exteriorworkmanship-both sheet metal and finishes.THE RETURN OF CRAFTSMANSHIPIf we seem to be devoting a lot of type to issues of detailand craftsmanship, it’s only because Cessna has madesuch an obvious effort in this area. The Citation folkshave learned much over the years about the importanceof little things-making butt joints tight, finishes smooth,screws align and the like-and it shows. Details havebeen thoroughly attended to in this airplane.Members of the Citation family always have been relativelysimple to preflight because all the important stuffis either reachable or visible from a solid footing on theramp. It also is possible to reconnect the batteries andto check hydraulic fluid and other consumables, withoutruining your suit coat or pants knees.Pilots familiar with earlier Citations will have toremember to key-lock the nose baggage area accessdoors or they’ll get a warning light on power-up.New stops on the preflight include wing-root NACAvents for the wings’ leading edge bleed-air anti-ice systemand its cone-shaped exhaust outletsat the wing-root trailing edge.These stops involve only checks forobstructions.With the preflight complete, weclimbed into the cockpit. The CitationV’s cockpit will make any pilotfeel right at home, whether he orshe is an old hand or brand new toCitations.COCKPIT DELUXEIn the opinion of B/CA’s evaluationpilot, the Citation V cockpit is simplybest in class. It’s big-and that’s a plusfor those of us who don’t fit into theclassically thin profile that some ofour colleagues are able to maintain.Its fully articulated pilot seats arecomfortable and the new five-pointseat belts are snug without beingoverly restrictive. The cockpit visibilityfrom this airplane is hard tomatch. The view encompasses a full340 degrees: You can see the tipsof the horizontal stabilizer fromeither pilot’s seat.The accompanying photographsshow the Citation V’s unclutteredCOPYRIGHT 1995 THE MCGRAW-HILL COMPANIES, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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B/CA Analysis: Cessna Citation V

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