DNA for Genealogists (Intro) - Rcasey.net

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The futureThe costs of testing of the full genome will be under $1,000 in the nextfew years – so you never have test any donor again just analyzeThe amount of useful data will increase by 1,000,000 fold !atDNA is currently under 1,000,000 base pairs – it could be extended to10M or 100M base pairs – but the usefulness of the informationexponentially decreasesmtDNA is only 16,000 base pairs – already being analyze since it is such asmall DNA strandY-STRs are estimated to between 400 and 500 useful Y-STRsYou have to double the number to have an impact or use faster mutatingmarkers which require more submissions to analyzeY-SNPs – FTNDA has only around 500 useful Y-SNPs in the haplotree (ifyou ignore duplicate SNPs)NatGeo 2.0 will test 12,000 Y-SNPs – probably doubling 500 to 1,000useful SNPs for western European research (majority are Chinese andSardinian)It is believe that useful Y-SNP should exceed 50,000 when it becomeseconomical feasible to scan the entire Y-DNA strandAugust, 2012 32
Y-SNP analysis is the futureEvery surname cluster should get several Y-SNPs that create brancheswithin surname clustersThe Y-SNPs have father-son relationships vs. Y-STRs which are onlyclusters of related submissions that overlap with each otherBetween all combinations of Y-STRs and Y-SNPs, most living individual aswell as most deceased ancestors can have unique haplotypes assignedIt will take several years to establish the connections between thethousands of Y-SNPs and most research is done by fellow researchersGenealogical Y-SNPs are already being discovered with only around 500useful Y-SNPs, 50,000 Y-SNPs will produce thousands moreBennett Greenspan (president of FTDNA) stated that Y-SNPs will be thegenealogical tree and the Y-STRs will become leaves on this treeFTDNA is the only genetic testing company doing any serious Y-SNPadvancement while others take advantage of their researchNatGeo 2.0 provides a static 12,000 Y-SNP test starting in November andis taking orders now (tests are processed by FTDNA and uploadable toFTDNA databases at no charge)August, 2012 33
Page 2 and 3: Intro to DNA for GenealogistsType o
Page 5 and 6: How Autosomal worksCovers all ances
Page 7 and 8: GEDMATCH Database - atDNAAttempts t
Page 9 and 10: How Y-SNPs workDefines genetic bran
Page 11 and 12: How do Y-STRs workOnly found on Y-D
Page 13 and 14: How Autosomal tests worksCovers all
Page 15 and 16: Books to get up to speed withTrace
Page 17 and 18: Cost of Testing (Retail - FTDNA onl
Page 19 and 20: Future trendsY-SNP tests will becom
Page 21 and 22: War stories - atDNA for CaseyCommon
Page 23 and 24: War stories - YDNA provides answers
Page 25 and 26: War stories - YDNA provides answers
Page 27 and 28: Questions & AnswersIt takes a while
Page 29 and 30: This issue is rarely covered by boo
Page 31: August, 2012 31

DNA for Genealogists (Intro) - Rcasey.net

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