10. Protecting Species at RiskBy Jacqueline LebelMy most vivid childhood memory is of my brother weeping over a picture ofthe Dodo bird in our children’s encyclopedia. His grade three assignment hadbeen to read about an extinct species; and he chose the giant, cartoon-like birddriven to extinction in the 17 th century. The tears came when he realized thatthe Dodos were no more, that all had died. He would never see a real Dodo.An Ecojustice report, The Last Place on Earth, has described the importanceof protecting British Columbia species at risk:British Columbia has the richest biodiversity of any Canadianprovince. It is home to 76 percent of Canada’s bird species, 70percent of its freshwater fish species, and thousands of otheranimals and plants. Well over 3,600 species call <strong>BC</strong> home, andmany of these, such as mountain goat and mountain caribou,live mostly – or only – in the province. For others, such as themigratory trumpeter swan and sandhill crane, <strong>BC</strong> is a critical54<strong>Maintaining</strong> <strong>SuperNatural</strong> <strong>BC</strong>: Selected Law Re<strong>for</strong>m Proposals
wintering ground or stopover. Unlike most Canadian and USjurisdictions, <strong>BC</strong> still has all the large species that were presentat the time of European settlement, including grizzly bears,wolverines, wolves, and cougars.However, scientists tell us that more than 1,600 species – from mountaincaribou to Vancouver Island marmots, from Swainson’s hawks to peregrinefalcons, from sharp-tailed snakes to spotted owls, from maidenhair ferns togrizzly bears – are currently at risk in <strong>BC</strong>.Yet the majority of <strong>BC</strong> species at risk receive no legal protection. Eighty-ninepercent of known threatened and endangered species are not protected under<strong>BC</strong>’s laws or policies or under the federal Species at Risk Act. The federallaw generally only protects aquatic or migratory bird species and species onfederal land (one percent of <strong>BC</strong>). And less than six percent of <strong>BC</strong>’s speciesat risk receive legal listing under provincial laws. Furthermore, existingprovincial laws do not require protection of a species’ habitat – despite thefact that habitat loss is by far the biggest threat to species. In fact, habitatprotection of some species at risk is actually prevented by provincial law thatgives priority to industrial logging. <strong>BC</strong> and Alberta remain the only Canadianprovinces – and some of the only jurisdictions in North America – that havenot yet implemented a dedicated law to protect endangered and threatenedspecies.Why should we care? Species at risk are an invaluable – and irreplaceable– public resource. <strong>Our</strong> home would not be <strong>SuperNatural</strong> British Columbia ifwe lost our endangered and threatened species like the mountain caribou, thespotted owl, and the Vancouver Island marmot. Species at risk like the grizzlybear have enormous economic, tourism, social and cultural value to BritishColumbians. Without the mountain caribou and the grizzly, what woulddistinguish us from Chicago or Sacramento? In Cali<strong>for</strong>nia, the last remaininggrizzly bear is the one stitched on the state flag.Environment Canada has described the importance of protecting endangeredspecies in stark terms:The disappearance of a species from the earth marks not thebeginning but the end of the process of deterioration. It is asign that the ecosystem in which the species played its integralrole has also been damaged. At some point, the ecosystem itselfmay be so destabilized by the loss of interactive species that itwill lose its integrity and collapse. Should the actions of manplace that sort of stress upon the biosphere, then the humanspecies, <strong>for</strong> all its inventiveness, could well be the author of itsown extinction.Furthermore, rare species can offer valuable contributions to agriculture,industry and science. For example, approximately half of all prescriptionswritten contain naturally derived ingredients – and scientists have examinedonly a minute fraction of the world’s species <strong>for</strong> medicinal properties. As<strong>Maintaining</strong> <strong>SuperNatural</strong> <strong>BC</strong>: Selected Law Re<strong>for</strong>m Proposals 55
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2Maintaining SuperNatural BC: Selec
- Page 4 and 5: MAINTAINING SUPERNATURAL BC FOR OUR
- Page 6: ContentsA. Planning and Environment
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of Compliance (COC) approvals. The
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F. Climate Change andEnergyMaintain
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Meanwhile, Environment Canada’s s
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24. In Defence of the Carbon TaxBy
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over. BC’s carbon tax is still no
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generations of BC ratepayers and ta
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William Andrews is a BC lawyer who
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happen when people heat their homes
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G. Ensuring Justice forNatureMainta
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• In 2003, the public’s right t
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Regulation Improvement Coalition an
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to provide the courts with the best
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perhaps the people can. By putting
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Chris Tollefson (D. Gilliland and J
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British Columbians must have the ri
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for both present and future generat
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that SLAPPs have a range of negativ
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Anti-SLAPP Advisory Panel: Report t
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An Environment Commissioner would p
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33. Reliance on QualifiedProfession
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Does this new approach have an adeq
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34. Reforming Freedom ofInformation
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ecords in relation to such a ‘pro
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Information and Privacy Commissione
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Gord McAdams was a “whistleblower
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could result. The legislation shoul