Genetic Drift.pdf

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Different populations will lose different alleles.The probability that a particular allele will be fixed in apopulation in the future equals the frequency of the allele in thepopulation. If there are two alleles in a population, A and a, withfrequencies p and q, the probability that the allele a will be lost atsome point in the future is p and the probability that allele A willbe lost is q.If a largenumber ofpopulations isconsidered,each hdifi drifting,the totalheterozygosityyoverall willdecrease.
Starting with a population sizeof N with two alleles in equalfrequencies p and q, the likelymagnitude of divergence fromthe initial frequencies increaseswith time.After 2N generations, allallele frequencies are equallylikely.The average time to fixationof one eof the alleles esis 4Ngenerations.
Page 2: Alleles that do not affectfitness f
Page 8 and 9: The effective populations size (N e
Page 10 and 11: Read: A Strong Bottleneck Reduced t
Page 12 and 13: Simulations of founder effectssugge
Page 14 and 15: Genetic Drift and Natural Selection
Page 16 and 17: They found frequencies of the two t
Page 18 and 19: When techniques for analysis of mol
Page 20 and 21: The Molecular Clock - early in the
Page 22 and 23: Tests of the molecular clockIf evol
Page 24 and 25: Why should there be molecular clock
Page 26: Over long periods of timethis estim

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