Ancient Coins 8/13 - Littleton Coin Company

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Checklist of Ancient Roman EmperorsFLORIANUS (Marcus Annius Florianus)Ruled less than 3 months A.D. 276Became emperor after his half-brother Tacitus died. He wassupported by the Senate and most provinces. The East did notsupport Florianus; they supported Probus. When war broke outbetween the two, Florianus was killed by his own soldiers.PROBUS (Marcus Aurelius Probus)Augustus A.D. 276-282Prefect of the East, and after Tacitus’ death became emperor.Protected Rome’s borders, ruled wisely and justly, was loved byall. As he marched to Persia, he was murdered by his own jealoussoldiers who later regretted their actions.CARUS (Marcus Aurelius Carus)Augustus A.D. 282-283Praetorian Prefect under Probus, Carus earned respect for histalents and was approved as emperor by the Senate and the army.During a campaign in Persia, he was struck by lightning.NUMERIAN (Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus)Caesar A.D. 282-283Augustus A.D. 283-284Younger son of Carus, who became Caesar and upon his father’sdeath took the title of Augustus. Numerian was popular becausehe had the public’s interest at heart. While returning to Italy froma campaign, he was discovered murdered in his litter.CARINUS (Marcus Aurelius Carinus)Caesar A.D. 282-283Augustus A.D. 283-285Carinus was left in charge of the West while his father and brother,Numerian, fought in the East. Diocletian had been proclaimedemperor by his troops, and Carinus, marching against him, wasvictorious. His cruel disposition led to his murder.NIGRINIANDied before A.D. 283Because no records exist about Nigrinian, we only know abouthim today because of his coins. They are extremely rare, andinscription on his coins indicates he was son of Carinus.JULIAN OF PANNONIA (Marcus Aurelius Julianus)Usurper A.D. 284-285Julian, a general under Numerian, proclaimed himself emperor ofPannonia. Rebelling against Carinus, he marched against Rome,where he was defeated and killed a year later.28 How to Collect Ancient Roman Coins
Two factors were at work in the subsequent division of theRoman Empire. At one time the title of emperor was awarded bythe Senate, but over the years their power diminished, and wasreplaced by the military. Because of the Empire’s size, the emperorneeded strong generals whom he could trust, and who commandedthe respect of the army.Plus, the size of the Roman state made it difficult to defend againstfrequent border attacks. These attacks and internal unrest causedeconomic upheaval. Peasants could not work the land, tradesmenlacked supplies for their crafts, so landowners had no income fortaxes. Consequently, these upheavals spelled economic disaster,causing dissatisfaction with the government and internal unrest.Diocletian realized the Empire was too large for one man to rule,so he established a method of government called the Tetrarchy, madeup of two co-emperors and two Caesars. One co-emperor and Caesarruled the East, and the other pair ruled the West. The Empire was splitinto Greek and Latin-speaking portions, in the region encompassingpresent-day Yugoslavia southward, and including Africa. However,the Tetrarchy lasted only 20 years. After Diocletian and Maximianusretired, fighting among would-be rulers broke out. Constantine theGreat finally became emperor in the West, while Licinius becameemperor in the East.E= Ruled East W= Ruled WestDIOCLETIAN (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus)Augustus A.D. 284-305EAfter Numerian was killed, he became emperor. An excellentstatesman and military leader, who unified most of theEmpire with the exception of Britain. Introducing far-reachingreforms, he changed the Empire’s makeup. He was one of thetetrarchs, and later abdicated rule and retired in peace.MAXIMIAN “HERCULIUS”(Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus)Caesar A.D. 285-286Augustus A.D. 286-305, 307-308, & 310Because of Diocletian’s respect for Maximian’s military abilityand implicit trust in him, Maximian was raised to Augustusin the West. Although he abdicated at the same time thatDiocletian did, he returned to rule from A.D. 307-308 at the requestof his son. But in A.D. 310, when he declared himself emperor again,he was put to death.W29
Page 2 and 3: IntroductionDear Collector,Collecti
Page 4 and 5: 10 Often-Asked Questions About Anci
Page 6 and 7: Denominations of Ancient Roman Coin
Page 8 and 9: How to Read Ancient Roman Coin Insc
Page 10 and 11: Provincial CoinageImperial portrait
Page 12 and 13: Julius Caesar, Marc Antony & Cleopa
Page 14 and 15: Checklist of Ancient Roman Emperors
Page 17 and 18: TITUS (Titus Flavius Vespasianus)Ca
Page 19 and 20: COMMODUS (Lucius Aelius Aurelius Co
Page 21 and 22: JULIA MAESA (Julia Maesa)Augusta A.
Page 23 and 24: PHILIP I (Marcus Julius Verus Phili
Page 25 and 26: GALLIENUS (Publius Licinius Egnatiu
Page 27: CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS (Marcus Aureli
Page 31 and 32: GALERIUS (Gaius Galerius Valerius M
Page 33 and 34: DELMATIUS (Flavius Julius Delmatius
Page 35 and 36: JOVIAN (Flavius Jovianus)Augustus A
Page 37 and 38: HONORIUS (Flavius Honorius)Augustus
Page 39 and 40: ANTHEMIUS (Procopius Anthemius)Augu
Page 41 and 42: Tetradrachms of Roman Egypt, by Jam
Page 43 and 44: Magnus: “The great.”Optimate: C
Page 45 and 46: More Bits & PiecesAn article in The

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