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MODULATION TECHNIQUES Modulators

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V 0130 List of Contents I<br />

List of Contents<br />

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1<br />

1. Fundamental theory of modulation technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3<br />

2. Addition and multiplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<br />

2.1 The adder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<br />

2.2 The multiplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25<br />

3. Amplitude Modulation (AM)<br />

3.1 Theoretical introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33<br />

3.2 Modulation on a non-linear characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35<br />

3.3 Amplitude modulation with a multiplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br />

3.4 Spectrum and bandwidth of the AM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />

3.5 AM-DSB with suppressed carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55<br />

3.6 The multiplier in balanced modulator mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57<br />

3.7 The multiplier in ring modulator mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61<br />

3.8 Single sideband modulation (SSB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65<br />

4. Angle modulation techniques<br />

4.1 Theoretical introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73<br />

4.2 Generation of frequency modulated signals (FM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75<br />

4.3 Measuring the frequency deviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79<br />

4.4 Determining the modulation index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81<br />

4.5 Frequency spectrum of an FM oscillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85<br />

4.6 Generation of phase modulated signals (PM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91<br />

4.7 Generation of pulse frequency modulated signals (PFM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101<br />

4.8 Generation of pulse phase modulated signals (PPM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

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