Plasma Technology applied to textiles - Project T-Pot

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UNLOCKING THE CROATIAN TEXTILE RESEARCH POTENTIALST-POT PROJECT(CSAs - FP7-REGPOT-2008-1, Activity: 4.1)PLASMA TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO TEXTILEST-POT PROJECT 18 th June 2009 Terrassa (Spain)www.leitat.org

PLASMA TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO TEXTILESCONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA APPLIED TO TEXTILES4. PLASMA IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS1.1. DEFINITION OF PLASMAPartially ionized gas composed of electrons, ions, photons,atoms and molecules, with negative global electric charge4 th state of matter:SolidLiquidGasPlasmaEnergy

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH1.2. GENERATION OF PLASMABy energy transfer (E, B, accelerated e - )4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSIonizationMoleculesAtomsT equiv. > 100.000 ºC

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS1.3. COMPOSITION OF PLASMA3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSElectronsIonsFotonsÀtomsMolècules

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS1.4. CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF PLASMA3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS• Density (N e )• Ion density• Electron temperature• Ion temperature• Interactions (collisions)• Plasma potentialThermal plasma: T e = T ion = T gasCold plasma: T e >> T ion = T gas

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS1.5. CATEGORIES OF PLASMAS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS1.6. EFFECTS PRODUCED BY PLASMA3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYON THE SURFACE OF MATERIALS5. CONCLUSIONS1) Inclusion2) Sputtering3) Etching4) Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD)5) and 6) Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)7) Chemical functionalization8) Grafting

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION1.6. EFFECTS PRODUCED BY PLASMA2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHON THE SURFACE OF TEXTILES4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSSputtering/Etching ActivationBreaking of chains Grafting PolymerizationIntroduction of polar groups on surfaceIntroduction of new properties using:Removal of superficial impurities (hydrophobic layers)Modification of surface roughness• Coatings• NanocoatingsImproving of the wettabilityPlasma

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSSURFACE CLEANINGBY PLASMA• Removal of superficial organic compoundsby sputtering (Ar plasma) and etching (O 2, airplasmas)• Metallic oxides reduction by Ar/H 2plasmas• Plasma sterilization by UV, sputtering andetching• Examples on textiles: desizing or scouringby plasma treatments, sterilization of textiles

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSSURFACE ACTIVATIONBY PLASMA• Free-radicals and/or reactive chemicalfunctionalities on surface• Modification of surface roughness• Associated ageing or non-permanentproperties• Examples on textiles: antifelting andantishrinkage of wool, hydrophilic polyesterfilters, antipilling wool and cotton

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSPLASMA PRE-TREATMENTS• Physicochemical cleaning of thesurface• Generally hydrophilic propertiesare conferred by increasingroughness and chemicalfunctionalization• Surface activation before dyeing,printing, coating, lamination orother finishing processes• Examples on textiles: increase ofdyeability and printability, improvethe absorption properties

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSSURFACE GRAFTINGINDUCED BY PLASMA• Free-radicals and/or reactivechemical functionalities on surface• Surface activation beforeimpregnation in a solution of themonomer• Examples on textiles: functionalcoatings according to the moleculegrafted to the textile surface(hydrophobic,hydrophilic,antibacterial, antistatic, etc.)

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSPLASMAPOLYMERIZATION• Two stages of process:1) Plasma activation, using non-polymerizinggases (Ar, O 2, N 2, air, He, etc.)2) Plasma polymerization, using polymerizinggases (SF 6, CH 4) or vapours of monomers(C 6F 14, HMDSO AAc)• Formation of nanocoatings on the surfaceby low-temperature and dry processes• Examples on textiles: functional coatingsaccording to the precursor polymerized ontothe textile surface (hydrophobic, hydrophilic,antibacterial, antistatic, etc.)

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS• Impregnation of the textiles in aprecursor solution before plasmatreatmentsPLASMA FIXATION• Formation of a polymeric coatinggenerally by free-radical additionpolymerization using plasma of a nonpolymerizinggas• Examples on textiles: flame-retardanttextiles

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHACCORDING TO PRESSURE4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSAtmospheric Pressure Plasma - APPLow Pressure Plasma - LPPSource: LeitatSource: Leitat

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHACCORDING TO FREQUENCY4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSLow Frequency – LF (40 kHz)Radiofrequency – RF (13.56 MHz)Microwaves – MW (2.45 GHz)

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHACCORDING TO THE GAS/VAPOUR USED4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSNo polymerizing:Ar, He, O2, F2, etc.Using a gasActivació superficialPolymerizing:CF4, C3F6, SF6, etc.Using a vapour of a monomer liquid:HMDSO, AAc, etc.Polimerització perplasma (PECVD)

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMSEXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSDow Corning

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMSEXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSEuroplasma

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMSEXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSSigma Technologies

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMSEXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSAcxys Technologies

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMSEXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSDiener electronics

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMSEXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSPlasmatreat

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMSEXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSGrinp

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMSEXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSSoftal

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMSEXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSVito

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.1. TEXTILES USED2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYNATURAL FIBERSCottonWoolSilkRamieJuteFlax5. CONCLUSIONSARTIFICIAL FIBERSViscoseLyocellPolyamideKevlarPolypropyleneSYNTHETIC FIBERSAcrylicsNomexPolyesterGlass fiber

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.2. PROPERTIES CONFERRED2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS• Wettability: hydrophilic character, improving in water absorption• Hydrophobic character• Oleophobic character• Improving in the adhesion of polymers• Increase of the dyeability• Antistatic• Fire-resistant• Antimicrobial• Biocompatible•Others

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHAVAILABLE TECHNIQUESMEASUREMENTS4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS• Calibrated inks• Contact angle•XPS•ToF-SIMS•AFM• SEM• FTIR-ATR•Others• Elemental composition• Chemical functionalities• Molecular characterization• Quantitative analysis• Depth profiling• Surface morphology and roughness•Thickness• Surface tension, wettability, adhesion• Surface forces, nanoindentation,viscoelastic modules• Oxygen/Water permeation

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHWETTABILITY4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSWettingAATCC 39:1980UNE-EN ISO 9073-6:2000WickingSupportAbsorption length (cm)TextileAirWater

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHWETTABILITY4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSUntreated (< 30 mN/m)Calibrated inksPlasma treated (60 mN/m)

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHWETTABILITY4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSContact angleγ S/Vθγ L/VVAPORγ S/LLÍQUIDTensiometrySÒLIDθ >90º hydrophobicθ

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYMORPHOLOGICAL SURFACE ANALYSISSEM5. CONCLUSIONSUntreatedNanocoated by PECVD

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYMORPHOLOGICAL SURFACE ANALYSISAFM5. CONCLUSIONS

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYMORPHOLOGICAL SURFACE ANALYSISAFM5. CONCLUSIONSUntreated PETR a= 0.71 nmGrain size = 18 nmSiO x/ PETR a= 1.26 nmGrain size = 41 nm

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYCHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSISXPS5. CONCLUSIONSEK=Bhν − E − φ

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYCHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSISXPS5. CONCLUSIONS

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYCHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSISAR-XPS5. CONCLUSIONS

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYCHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSISToF-SIMS5. CONCLUSIONS

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYCHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSISToF-SIMS5. CONCLUSIONS

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHCHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYFTIR-ATR1026 cm -1 Si-O-Si stretching5. CONCLUSIONS0,06HMDSO 100%0,050,04795 cm -1 Si-O-Si bendingAbs0,030,020,0101259 cm -1 Si-(CH 3 ) n bending(n=1-3 groups)º-0,01-0,0219001700150013001100900700500Wavenumber (cm -1 )PECVD nanocoating based on HMDSO

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.4. SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSHydrophilic / hydrophobic COAntistatic textilesOleophobic nonwoven

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.4. SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSBiocompatible textileDyeability improving on PET

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION2.4. SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSPP dyeabilityAntibacterial andantifungus textileAntischrinkage andantipilling on wool

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTION3.1. PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH“Plasma” AND “Textile” / “Fabric”4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS1201001199 documentsNº of documents8060402001965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005Year

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHPLASMA POLYMERIZATION - PECVD4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSPHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION - PVDGRAFTING PROCESSES INDUCED BY PLASMAPLASMA STERILIZATIONSURFACE CLEANINGOTHERS

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYNanometric layersPECVD / PVDFinishing products savingMaintaining intrinsic properties (rigidity, touch, color, etc.)5. CONCLUSIONSUsing polymerizing gases/vapours(PECVD) or targets (PVD)CF 4SF 6HydrocarbonsSilanesSiloxanesAcrylatesNew or improvedpropertiesPermanent hydrophilic/hydrophobic characterModifying water permeability according to pHIncrease of the adhesion of finishing productsAntimicrobialBiocompatibilityIncrease of the abrasion resistanceIncrease of the tensile strengthDrug delivery (salicylic acid, etc.)Optical properties

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSWater and oilrepellant textilesPECVD / PVDPlasma polymerization ofsilanes, siloxanes andfluorocarbonsMultifunctional textileswith high UV protectionPlasma polymerization ontextiles with TiO 2 and/or ZnOnanoparticlesAntimicrobial textiles withmetallic effectsMetallization with Agnanoparticles on textilesurfaces by sputtering (PVD)Easy-care textilesPlasma polymerization ofpolycarboxylic acids(formaldehyde-free)

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHGRAFTING PROCESSES INDUCED BY PLASMA4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSPlasma pretreatments using Ar, He, O 2or othersNanometric layersPermanent properties

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHGRAFTING PROCESSES INDUCED BY PLASMA4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSViscose or PP conductive textilesVTMS graftingusing RF plasma

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHGRAFTING PROCESSES INDUCED BY PLASMA4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSAntishrinkage andanticrease textiles withimproved touchGrafting of NHCOO-Intelligent membranes / drugdelivery / pH andtemperature sensorsGrafting of AAc or NIPAAm onPA or PSF (variablepermeability of riboflavinaccording to porous dimension)Comfortable fireresistant textilesGrafting of a phosphorous-basedcompound by plasma of N 2 , O 2 , air, Ar,He, etc.

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHPLASMA STERILIZATION4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSSterilizationmethods• Chemical: ethylene oxide, aldehydes, supercriticalCO 2 , plasma of H 2 O 2• Physical: heat (dry/humid), radiations (UV, γ, ions)• Mechanical: filtrationMicroorganismsin researchS. aureusK. pneumoniaeC. albicansE. coliP. aeruginosaB. subtilis (spores)

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHPLASMA STERILIZATION4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSUntreated B. subtilis sporesPlasma-treated B. subtilis spores

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHSURFACE CLEANING4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHSURFACE CLEANING4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHSURFACE CLEANING4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSUntreated PESPlasma-treated PES(air, 15 min)Plasma-treated PES(air, 80 min)

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHSURFACE CLEANING4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHSURFACE CLEANING4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHANTISTATIC TEXTILES4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSUntreated PES Plasma-treated PES Conventional antistatic PES

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHANTISHRINKAGE WOOL4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSPositive results at large scaleUndesirable touchProcess in developmentProcess in research(improvements using softeners)

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRYYELLOWING AND WEARING ON DENIMUntreated COPlasma-treated CO (corona, 660W, 15 cycles)5. CONCLUSIONSPlasma-treated CO (corona, 880W, 15 cycles)Plasma-treated CO (corona, 880W, 45 cycles)

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHIMPROVE DYEING OF WOOL USING NATURAL ANTIBACTERIAL DYES4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS4035WO-NTWO-Plasma3025(K/S)corr20151050Ellagic acid Lacaic acid A Lawsone

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES1. INTRODUCTIONPLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCHIMPROVE DIGITAL PRINTING ON SILK4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS

4. PLASMA IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY1. INTRODUCTION4.1. PLASMA PROCESSES IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONSVersatile technologyADVANTAGESModification of surfaces without change of theintrinsic properties of the textileLIMITATIONSHigh investments expensesDiscontinuous processes in low-pressureplasma equipmentMinimum consumption of chemicalsSome plasma equipment are still in are ina R&D stage (specially for atmosphericplasma equipment)Minimum consumption of energy (avoiding dry andfixation stages in finishing processes)Dry processes (without generation of wastewaters)High rates of operation (only for continuousprocesses)Control of new processes based onplasma technology need more research

4. PLASMA IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY1. INTRODUCTION4.1. PLASMA PROCESSES IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS• Processes in researchPECVD / PVD processesSynthesis and incorporation ofnanomaterialsTextile sensors• Processes in developmentAntishrinkage of woolPretreatment before dyeingPretreatment in grafting processes• Processes in the industrySubstitution of solvent for serigraphyPretreatment before finishing processesImprove adhesion between differentcompounds in composites

4. PLASMA IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY1. INTRODUCTION4.2. SOME EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY• Activation processes using air atmospheric plasma toconfer antipilling properties to wool textiles (5 m/min)5. CONCLUSIONS• Activation processes using air atmospheric plasma toconfer hydrophilic properties to polyester filters (4.2 mwidth)• Activation processes using low-pressure plasmatreatments to substitute fotoactive inks in serigraphictextile processes• Pretreatment of carbon fibers to increase theiradhesion to epoxy resins in composites

4. PLASMA IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY1. INTRODUCTION4.2. SOME EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS• Grafting processes induced by atmospheric pressureplasma treatments on Nomex fabrics to conferpermanent hydrophilicity• Atmospheric pressure plasma pretreatments of PPtextiles to improve lamination processes• Low-pressure plasma polymerization processes ontextiles to confer hydrophobic/oleophobic properties

5. CONCLUSIONS1. INTRODUCTION2. APPLICATIONS3. CURRENTRESEARCH4. PLASMA IN THETEXTILE INDUSTRY5. CONCLUSIONS1. Plasma is a versatile technology to chemically and physically modify the surfaceof materials.2. Plasma technology is used to achieve new or improved properties to textiles. Itis an alternative environmentally friendly technology to complement orsubstitute several conventional textile processes.3. Research and development of plasma treatments applied to textiles are stillglobally increasing. Different studies have been done on natural, artificial andsynthetic fibers.4. Sputtering, etching, chemical functionalization, free-radicals generation and UVradiation are some of the most important effects conferred by plasma treatmentsto textiles.5. PECVD, PVD and superficial grafting are plasma processes which involves theformation of nanometric layers.6. Plasma treatments are increasing their presence in the textile industry forseveral applications.

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