SHIA GENOCIDE IN PAKISTANTHE PLIGHT OF 40 MILLION SHIA OF PAKISTAN<strong>Shia</strong> Muslims make up nearly 20% of <strong>Pakistan</strong>‟s 200 million population i.e. 40million and are spread across the country with the northern Gilgit Baltistanregion and Kurram Agency on Afghanistan border be<strong>in</strong>g the only <strong>Shia</strong> majorityregions.The ideology of Takfir us<strong>in</strong>g which <strong>Shia</strong> are declared <strong>in</strong>fidels and worthy ofbe<strong>in</strong>g killed, several thousand <strong>Shia</strong> have been killed, <strong>in</strong>jured or disabled for lifeby anti-<strong>Shia</strong> militants. The worry<strong>in</strong>g fact is that these militants run organized<strong>in</strong>timidation campaigns aga<strong>in</strong>st the <strong>Shia</strong> and create resentment for them <strong>in</strong> thesociety to gather support and sympathy for their cause of exterm<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g the<strong>Shia</strong>. The state has turned a bl<strong>in</strong>d eye to the organizations and militants kill<strong>in</strong>gthe <strong>Shia</strong> and they operate freely, their leaders enjoy<strong>in</strong>g public space. Onenotorious anti-<strong>Shia</strong> organization Ahl-e-Sunnat-Wal-Jamaat (ASWJ) haschanged its time at least five times but has cont<strong>in</strong>ued its task of kill<strong>in</strong>g the<strong>Shia</strong>. Its sister organization Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ) regularly claimsresponsibility of attacks on the <strong>Shia</strong>. Both of these are known to have l<strong>in</strong>kswith the Taliban and Al-Qaeda.Accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>in</strong>dependent estimates, nearly 12,000 <strong>Shia</strong> have been killed <strong>in</strong><strong>Pakistan</strong> as a result of direct attacks on them for their faith. Another 9000 –10,000 <strong>Shia</strong> have been killed as part of the terrorism which have engulfed thecountry. An Amnesty International report from 2002 states that only <strong>in</strong> the cityof Karachi between the 1992 – 2002, seventy <strong>Shia</strong> doctors were killed. In total,nearly 200 <strong>Shia</strong> doctors have been killed while other professionals killed<strong>in</strong>clude lawyers, academics, educationists, sportsmen, entrepreneurs andpoets to mention. <strong>Shia</strong> processions or Imambargahs (worship places) areattacked regularly every year across the country <strong>in</strong> the Muslim month ofMuharram; and more than a hundred such <strong>in</strong>cidents have been recorded.Other than kill<strong>in</strong>gs en masse, they are also victim of targeted kill<strong>in</strong>gs acrossthe country where <strong>in</strong>dividuals are shot dead just because of their <strong>Shia</strong> faith.On paper, the anti-<strong>Shia</strong> militant organizations are banned but they operatefreely ad publicly take responsibility of kill<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>Shia</strong> after every attack. Theirleaders are on record hav<strong>in</strong>g said that they will “make it so tough for <strong>Shia</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>Pakistan</strong> that they (<strong>Shia</strong>) will say where do I go now…” and that is preciselywhat has happened. It appears as if all state <strong>in</strong>stitutions <strong>in</strong> <strong>Pakistan</strong> <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>gthe security agencies and Judiciary are work<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> partnership to exterm<strong>in</strong>ate<strong>Shia</strong> from <strong>Pakistan</strong>.The <strong>Shia</strong> community has rema<strong>in</strong>ed peaceful and there is no history of even as<strong>in</strong>gle <strong>in</strong>cident of <strong>in</strong>discrim<strong>in</strong>ate violence by <strong>Shia</strong> on anyone. Even retaliationor reprisal attacks have been nonexistent for several years but violence hasnot stopped. It is high time that the community be protected before it is toolate.1
HOW MANY SHIA IN PAKISTAN?Accord<strong>in</strong>g to reliable estimates from CIA World Fact Book and Middle East Institute, <strong>Shia</strong> makes up20% of <strong>Pakistan</strong>‟s population which is close to 200 million. The 40 million <strong>Shia</strong>, thus make up thesecond largest religious group <strong>in</strong> the country. This is world‟s second largest <strong>Shia</strong> population, secondonly to Iran. <strong>Shia</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Pakistan</strong> are geographically spread across the country. The highest concentrationis found <strong>in</strong> the Gilgit Baltistan prov<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>in</strong> northern <strong>Pakistan</strong> where they form the majority of population.Kurram Agency (with Parach<strong>in</strong>ar as capital) is particularly a <strong>Shia</strong> stronghold <strong>in</strong> the tribal belt. Similarly,all urban capitals Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar and Quetta have a sizable <strong>Shia</strong> population. Saraiki belt(stretch<strong>in</strong>g from Southern Punjab to North Western Punjab) <strong>in</strong> particular hosts strong <strong>Shia</strong> population –cities of Dera Ismail Khan (Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa), Bhakkar, Layyah, Jhang and Multan deserve aspecific mention. Hyderabad and Larkana region <strong>in</strong> S<strong>in</strong>dh also have large <strong>Shia</strong> population.WHY ARE SHIA KILLED IN PAKISTAN?The ideology of Takfir i.e. declar<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Shia</strong> as apostates or <strong>in</strong>fidels and worthy of be<strong>in</strong>g killed is the„religious‟ reason beh<strong>in</strong>d their faith-based kill<strong>in</strong>g. However, it is the state patronage to anti-<strong>Shia</strong> militantsand complete failure of state <strong>in</strong>stitutions to protect the <strong>Shia</strong> which is primary reason of violence aga<strong>in</strong>stthe <strong>Shia</strong>. The state of <strong>Pakistan</strong> has adopted a particular rigid brand of Islam which is High-Church <strong>in</strong>tradition and so helps the „ideological‟ state <strong>in</strong> law mak<strong>in</strong>g and legislation. The doctr<strong>in</strong>e of strategicdepth which the country‟s military holds dear for <strong>in</strong>creased and permanent role <strong>in</strong> affairs Afghanistanalso is key to understand persecution of <strong>Shia</strong>. The Jihadis (militants) produced by the madressahswhich the military funded are <strong>in</strong>herently anti-<strong>Shia</strong> and <strong>in</strong> their free time, when they are not busy <strong>in</strong>Afghanistan or elsewhere, rout<strong>in</strong>ely kill the <strong>Shia</strong> across <strong>Pakistan</strong>. For the country‟s securityestablishment, the violence aga<strong>in</strong>st the <strong>Shia</strong> is a collateral damage <strong>in</strong>-house, a price they have to payfor the strategic depth they want. Some organizations, however, were formed with the sole reason to<strong>in</strong>timidate, threaten and kill the <strong>Shia</strong> – Sipah Sahaba <strong>Pakistan</strong> (now Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat or ASWJ)is one of them while its breakaway faction Lashkar-e-Jhangvi or LeJ the other. They operate <strong>in</strong>coord<strong>in</strong>ation with Taliban, Jandullah and Al-Qaeda and are responsible for kill<strong>in</strong>g several thousand <strong>Shia</strong>across <strong>Pakistan</strong>.WHO KILLS THE SHIA?Sipah Sahaba was formed <strong>in</strong> 1985 and a study of its official website, pamphlets and flyers it hasreleased, its manifesto can be summed up as: declare <strong>Pakistan</strong> a Sunni state, legislation for deathpenalty for blasphemy, restrict <strong>Shia</strong> processions <strong>in</strong>doors, implement Islamic (Sunni) caliphate system <strong>in</strong><strong>Pakistan</strong>, declare <strong>Shia</strong> non-Muslims <strong>in</strong> <strong>Pakistan</strong> and more. After their creation and throughout the 90s,they notoriously target killed several thousand <strong>Shia</strong> across the country. Lashkar-e-Jhangvi was formed<strong>in</strong> 1995 as a breakaway faction of Sipah Sahaba but both of them have been work<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> coord<strong>in</strong>ationwith the sole mission to exterm<strong>in</strong>ate the <strong>Shia</strong> from <strong>Pakistan</strong>.Sipah Sahaba also has known work<strong>in</strong>g l<strong>in</strong>ks with militant organization Jaish-e-Muhammad which was<strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> attack on the Indian Parliament, suspected <strong>in</strong> Daniel Pearl murder case and rout<strong>in</strong>elylaunched terrorist attacks <strong>in</strong> Kashmir. Masood Azhar, the head of Jaish-e-Muhammad is on recordhav<strong>in</strong>g said that Sipah Sahaba stands shoulder to shoulder with Jaish-e-Muhammad. A US wikileakdescribed Jaish-e-Muhammad as a breakaway faction of Sipah Sahaba. Similarly, other US wikileaks2