• The American College of Obstetricians andGynecologists (ACOG) devotes a porti<strong>on</strong> of its web site(www.acog.org/departments/dept_web.cfm?recno=17) tocommunicating specific informati<strong>on</strong> about domesticviolence including available services, resources, referralinformati<strong>on</strong>, screening tools, and upcoming educati<strong>on</strong>alopportunities for practiti<strong>on</strong>ers. To purchase a copy of the2005 ACOG publicati<strong>on</strong> Special Issues in Women’s Health,which includes chapters <strong>on</strong> Intimate Partner <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> and<str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> and Sexual Assault, as well as AdultManifestati<strong>on</strong>s of Childhood Sexual Abuse, visit the ACOGBookstore at www.acog.org/bookstore.• For many years, ACOG has joined local, state, andnati<strong>on</strong>al organizati<strong>on</strong>s in sp<strong>on</strong>soring October as <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g><str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Awareness M<strong>on</strong>th to raise awareness about thispublic health epidemic. Activities often include campaignsencouraging domestic violence awareness in the workplaceand in health care settings, charity shopping days andnati<strong>on</strong>al days of recogniti<strong>on</strong>. Call your local domesticviolence shelter to find out how you can participate eachOctober.• ACOG and CDC have developed a slide set <strong>on</strong> intimatepartner violence during pregnancy designed as a trainingtool for clinicians to increase understanding of theimportant role they can play in identifying, preventing, andreducing intimate partner violence. The slide set alsoemphasizes the critical window of opportunity that prenatalcare provides for the screening and referral of pregnantwomen. The slide set is available for download by visitingCDC’s web site:(www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/violence/IntimatePartner<str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>/index.htm)• The American Medical Associati<strong>on</strong>, the AMA Alliance,and the Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund observed StopAmerica’s <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Everywhere (SAVE) Day and HealthCares About <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Day <strong>on</strong> Wednesday, Oct. 8,2008. To download free patient educati<strong>on</strong> materials,clinical tools and resources by <str<strong>on</strong>g>special</str<strong>on</strong>g>ty, visit www.ama-assn.org/ama/no-index/physician-resources/20012.shtml.• The American Medical Associati<strong>on</strong> has devoted entireissues of the Journal of The American Medical Associati<strong>on</strong>(JAMA) to the problem of domestic violence. TheDiagnostic and Treatment Guidelines <strong>on</strong> Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>,which is a set of protocols for physicians, is also available.Hitting.” Aimed at young children (pre-school through thethird grade), it features simple hand-tracing activities,which teach that hitting others is not appropriate. It maybe obtained from the AMA Alliance at 515 N. State St.,Chicago, Ill. 60610 Ph<strong>on</strong>e: (800) 621-8335.Visit www.amaalliance.org/site/epage/40309_625.htm todownload the booklet.• The Florida Medical Associati<strong>on</strong> (FMA), the FloridaMedical Associati<strong>on</strong> Alliance and their comp<strong>on</strong>ent countysocieties/alliances often work to support domestic violenceprograms at the local level through a variety of efforts suchas organizing fundraisers, adopting abuse shelters, andarranging for volunteer physician services. C<strong>on</strong>tact theFMA, FMA Alliance, or your local county medical societyor alliance if you have ideas to support the domesticviolence programs in your area. Visit www.fma<strong>on</strong>line.orgto access a list of all FMA Partners, including countymedical societies and county alliances.• The Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund has significantresources to help improve the healthcare resp<strong>on</strong>se todomestic violence and they have been cited throughoutthis course. They will help train individuals in yourcommunity about better methods to address domesticviolence.Another example of the efforts undertaken by a localcommunity to help resolve domestic violence involves theCrisis Nursery Project of the Hibiscus House, a private, n<strong>on</strong>profitshelter for abused children located in Jensen Beach,Florida. This program is designed to help families in a crisissituati<strong>on</strong> receive help before an abusive situati<strong>on</strong> develops,<str<strong>on</strong>g>with</str<strong>on</strong>g>out the involvement of the Florida Department ofChildren and Families. Children can be cared for at theHibiscus House facility for up to 30 days while the familyreceives counseling at Hibiscus House to deal <str<strong>on</strong>g>with</str<strong>on</strong>g> severeproblems <str<strong>on</strong>g>with</str<strong>on</strong>g>in the family. This has been e<str<strong>on</strong>g>special</str<strong>on</strong>g>ly helpfulwhen a woman leaves a violent situati<strong>on</strong> before she has time tomake arrangements for the care and sheltering of her children.They are successful in preventing 98 percent of the familiesfrom being reported for allegati<strong>on</strong>s of abuse. Although thisprogram was initially funded by a federal grant, and recentlyby the local community, the program received $193,000 fromthe Florida State Legislature in the 1998 legislative sessi<strong>on</strong>.Other communities are encouraged to c<strong>on</strong>tact this group at(772) 334-9311 for more informati<strong>on</strong> about their program.• The American Medical Associati<strong>on</strong> Alliance haspublished an activity booklet entitled “Hands Are NOT For22 <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> in Florida: <str<strong>on</strong>g>special</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>focus</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> human trafficking www.fma<strong>on</strong>line.org
End Notes[1] Fla. Stat. § 741.28 (2008).[2] Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund (undated document). Nati<strong>on</strong>al C<strong>on</strong>sensusGuidelines <strong>on</strong> Identifying and Resp<strong>on</strong>ding to <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> in Health CareSettings, Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund. San Francisco, CA, 2. Found at http://www.endabuse.org/userfiles/file/C<strong>on</strong>sensus.pdf.[3] Definiti<strong>on</strong> used by the Freedom Network Training Institute, based <strong>on</strong> the federalcriminal law definiti<strong>on</strong>s of trafficking. See www.freedomnetworkusa.org.[4] Fla. Stat. § 756.031 (2008).[5] U.S. Department of Justice (Feb 2003). Crime Data Brief, Intimate Partner<str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>, 1993-2001 Washingt<strong>on</strong>, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of JusticeStatistics. Found at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/ipv01.htm.[6] Jacobs<strong>on</strong>, N. and Gottman, J. (1998). When Men Batter Women: New Insights IntoEnding Abusive Relati<strong>on</strong>ships. New York: Sim<strong>on</strong> and Schuster.[7] See generally, Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund. (2005) Turning Pain into Power:<strong>Trafficking</strong> Survivors’ Perspectives <strong>on</strong> Early Interventi<strong>on</strong> Strategies. Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund. San Francisco, CA. Found at www.endabuse.org.[8] Florida State University Center for the Advancement of <strong>Human</strong> Rights. (2004)Florida Resp<strong>on</strong>ds to <strong>Human</strong> <strong>Trafficking</strong>. Tallahassee, Florida.[9] Tjaden, P. and Thoennes, N. (Nov. 2000) Full Report of the Prevalence, Incidence,and C<strong>on</strong>sequences of <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Against Women Findings From the Nati<strong>on</strong>al <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>Against Women Survey, v.[10] Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund. The Facts <strong>on</strong> Health Care and <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g><str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>, citing Health C<strong>on</strong>cerns Across a Woman’s Lifespan: 1998 Survey of Women’sHealth. The Comm<strong>on</strong>wealth Fund. New York, New York. Found at www.endabuse.org.[11] Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund. The Facts <strong>on</strong> Reproductive Health and <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>Against Women, citing Silverman, JG, Decker, MR, Reed, E, Raj, A. Intimate Partner<str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Victimizati<strong>on</strong> Prior to and During Pregnancy Am<strong>on</strong>g Women Residing in 26U.S. States: Associati<strong>on</strong>s <str<strong>on</strong>g>with</str<strong>on</strong>g> Maternal and Ne<strong>on</strong>atal Health. American Journal ofObstetrics and Gynecology (2006); 195(1): 140-148. Found at: http://www.endabuse.org/userfiles/file/Maternal_Health/Reproductive_Health_FS.pdf.[12] Ibid.[13] Campbell, J. et al. (July 2003). “Risk Factors for Femicide in AbusiveRelati<strong>on</strong>ships: Results From a Multisite Case C<strong>on</strong>trol Study.” American Journal ofPublic Health, 3, Vol 93, No.7:1089.[14] Parker, B., McFarlane, J. (1993). “Physical and Emoti<strong>on</strong>al Abuse in Pregnancy: AComparis<strong>on</strong> of Adult and Teenage Women,” Nursing Research, Vol. 42. No. 3, 173-177.[15] Florida Department of Law Enforcement (2008) Crime in Florida January –December 2008. Found athttp://www.fdle.state.fl.us/C<strong>on</strong>tent/getdoc/a324add7-5dd6-4201-9696-93bfd-76bc36c/UCR-Home.aspx - Click <strong>on</strong> 2008 “Annual Crime in Florida Report.”[16] Ibid.[17] Ibid. citing Coker, A., Smith, P, Bethea, L, Kind, M., MeKeown, R. (2000). “PhysicalHealth C<strong>on</strong>sequences of Physical and Psychological Intimate Partner <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>.”Archives of Family Medicine. 9.[18] Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund. The Facts <strong>on</strong> Health Care and <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g><str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>, op.cit.[19] Brown-Cranstoun, J. “Kringen v. Boslough and Saint Vincent Hospital: A NewTrend for Healthcare Professi<strong>on</strong>als Who Treat Victims of <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>?” (Fall2000) J. American Health Lawyers Associati<strong>on</strong>, Journal of Health Law. Vol. 33, No.4:629.[20] Bureau of Nati<strong>on</strong>al Affairs “Sixth Circuit Reinstates EMTALA Claims; MurderVictim’s Estate May Pursue Damages” (4-21-09) U.S. Law Week, Vol. 77, No. 40: 1632.[21] American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Mar 1998) “Mandatory Reportingof <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>.” Committee Opini<strong>on</strong>. No. 200.[22] Mayes, G. (Posted 08/18/2003) “Are You Safe in Your Home? Medical Screeningfor <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Should Be Routine.” From Medscape Ob/GYN & Women’s Health.Bey<strong>on</strong>d the Examining Room. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/459892.[23] Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund. Nati<strong>on</strong>al C<strong>on</strong>sensus Guidelines.[24] Ibid.[25] Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund. Turning Pain into Power, 2.[26] U.S. Department of Health and <strong>Human</strong> Services. The Mindset of a <strong>Human</strong><strong>Trafficking</strong> Victim. Found at http://www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking/campaign_kits/tool_kit_health/mindset_victim.html.[27] Florida Department of Children and Families. (2008) <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> AnnualData Report. Found at http://www.dcf.state.fl.us/domesticviolence/publicati<strong>on</strong>s/dv0708.pdf.[28] Florida Department of Law Enforcement (2008). Florida <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>Review Team Annual Report: 8. Found at http://www.dcf.state.fl.us/domesticviolence/publicati<strong>on</strong>s/index.shtml.[29] Florida Department of Law Enforcement (2004). Florida <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>Review Team Annual Report: 5. Found at http://www.dcf.state.fl.us/domesticviolence/publicati<strong>on</strong>s/index.shtml.[30] Campbell, J. et al. (not dated). Assessing Risk Factors for Intimate PartnerHomicide, NIJ Journal, 250 Washingt<strong>on</strong>, DC: Nati<strong>on</strong>al Institutes of Justice. Found athttp://www.baylor.edu/c<strong>on</strong>tent/services/document.php/28841.pdf.[31] U.S. Department of State (2007). <strong>Trafficking</strong> in Pers<strong>on</strong>s Report 2007.Washingt<strong>on</strong>, DC: U.S. Department of State. Found at http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/.[32] Jacobs<strong>on</strong>, N. and Gottman, J. (1998)[33] Edles<strong>on</strong> J. (1999). “The Overlap Between Child Maltreatment and WomanBattering.” <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Against Women. 5(2). 134-154. Cited in Groves, Betsy McAlister,MSW, LICSW, et al. “Identifying and Resp<strong>on</strong>ding to <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> C<strong>on</strong>sensusRecommendati<strong>on</strong>s for Child and Adolescent Health.” Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong>Fund, 5. Found at http://www.endabuse.org/userfiles/file/HealthCare/pediatric.pdf.[34] J<strong>on</strong>es, R. F. III. “<str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> violence: Let our voices be heard.” Obstetrics andGynecology. 1993. 81: 1-4.[35] See Brandl, B. and Cook-Daniels, L. (Dec. 2002) <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> in Later Life.Applied Research Forum, Nati<strong>on</strong>al Online Resource Center <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> AgainstWomen. (VAWNET) http://new.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/AR_later-life.pdf foran excellent resource <strong>on</strong> domestic violence and the elderly.[36] McLeen, S. and Anwar, R. “A Study of Battered Women Presenting in anEmergency Department.” American Journal of Public Health. (1989), Vol.79:65- 66.[37] The Facts <strong>on</strong> Health Care and <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> citing Caralis P, Musialowski R.1997. “Women’s Experiences <str<strong>on</strong>g>with</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> and Their Attitudes andExpectati<strong>on</strong>s Regarding Medical Care of Abuse Victims.” South Medical Journal.90:1075-1080. McCauley J, Yurk R, Jenckes M, Ford D. 1998. “Inside ‘Pandora’s Box’:Abused Women’s Experiences <str<strong>on</strong>g>with</str<strong>on</strong>g> Clinicians and Health Services.” Archives ofInternal Medicine. 13:549-555. Friedman L, Samet J, Roberts M, Hudlin M, Hans P.1992. “Inquiry About Victimizati<strong>on</strong> Experiences: A Survey of Patient Preferences andPhysician Practices.” Archives of Internal Medicine. 152:1186-1190. Rodriguez M,Quiroga SS, Bauer H. 1996. “Breaking the Silence: Battered Women’s Perspectives <strong>on</strong>Medical Care.” Archives of Family Medicine. 5:153-158.[38] Ibid citing Soeken, K., McFarlane, J., Parker, B. 1998. “The Abuse AssessmentScreen. A Clinical Instrument to Measure Frequency, Severity and Perpetrator AbuseAgainst Women.” Bey<strong>on</strong>d Diagnosis: Interventi<strong>on</strong> Strategies for Battered Women andTheir Children. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.[39] Alpert, E. J., et. al. Partner <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>: A Guide for Physicians. MassachusettsMedical Society. 1993.[40] Governor’s Task Force <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> (July 1995) The Sec<strong>on</strong>d Report of theGovernor’s Task Force <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>. Tallahassee, FL: State of Florida: 28.[41] Mayes, G.[42] U.S. Department of Health and <strong>Human</strong> Services. The Mindset of a <strong>Human</strong><strong>Trafficking</strong> Victim.[43] Cole, Thomas B. MD, MPH. Modern Slavery a Hidden Crime in the US. (Aug. 3,2005) Medical News and Perspectives American Medical Associati<strong>on</strong>. JAMA,.Vol 294,No. 5 541.[44] See generally, Salber, P. and Taliaferro, E (1995) The Physicians Guide to<str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g>. Volcano, CA: Volcano Press.[45] Family <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> Preventi<strong>on</strong> Fund. Nati<strong>on</strong>al C<strong>on</strong>sensus Guidelines.[46] McLeen, S. and Anwar, R. (1989) “A Study of Battered Women Presenting in anEmergency Department.” American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 79.[47] See Joint Commissi<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> Accreditati<strong>on</strong> Of Healthcare Organizati<strong>on</strong>s (2008). “TheJoint Commissi<strong>on</strong> Accreditati<strong>on</strong> Program: Office-based Surgery, Provisi<strong>on</strong> of Care,Treatment and Services.” http://www.jointcommissi<strong>on</strong>.org/NR/rd<strong>on</strong>lyres/F0E5686E-248C-4B92-A804-F0FCCA081651/0/OBS_PC.pdf for <strong>on</strong>e example of a JHACO standard<strong>on</strong> intimate partner violence.[48] Journal of the Florida Medical Associati<strong>on</strong>. October 1995, Vol. 82, No. 10.[49] American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (1995). “Technical Bulletin#209.” Washingt<strong>on</strong>, DC: American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. See alsohttp://www.acog.org/departments/dept_notice.cfm?recno=17&bulletin=192 for alisting of ACOG’s extensive efforts to address intimate partner violence.For c<strong>on</strong>tact informati<strong>on</strong> about <str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> violence resources in your area, go to www.fma<strong>on</strong>line.org/domestic_violence_info.aspxwww.fma<strong>on</strong>line.org<str<strong>on</strong>g>Domestic</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Violence</str<strong>on</strong>g> in Florida: <str<strong>on</strong>g>special</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>focus</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> human trafficking23