Judge's Opinion on Snapper Grouper Amendment 13C ... - SAFMC.net

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Case 1:06-cv-01815-JDB Document 34 Filed 08/17/2007 Page 4 of 65council's submission, the Secretary may approve the plan or amendment as consistent withapplicable law, or he may either disapprove or partially approve it as inconsistent with such law.Id. § 1854(a)(3). If the proposal is approved, then NMFS assumes the task of implementing themeasures adopted by the council. Id. § 1855(d). The Secretary's determination that the proposalis partially or completely deficient returns the matter to the council, which may then "submit arevised plan or amendment to the Secretary for review." Id. § 1854(a)(4).Under certain circumstances, the Secretary or his designees, rather than the regionalcouncils, will be the initial movers. For example, where "the Secretary finds that an emergencyexists or that interim measures are needed to reduce overfishing for any fishery, he maypromulgate emergency regulations or interim measures necessary to address the emergency oroverfishing, without regard to whether a fishery management plan exists for such fishery." 16U.S.C. § 1855(c); 50 C.F.R. § 600.310(e)(5). Such interim measures last only 180 days, 16U.S.C. § 1855(c)(3)(B), or 186 days under the Reauthorization Act, see Pub. L. No. 109-479,§ 108(a), 120 Stat. at 3594. Agency initiative is also required when the Secretary learns throughthe statutorily mandated annual-review process that a fishery is overfished. The MSA requires insuch situations that the Secretary "immediately notify the appropriate council and request thataction be taken to end overfishing in the fishery and to implement conservation and managementmeasures to rebuild the affected stocks of fish." 16 U.S.C. § 1854(e)(2). Under the version ofthe statute in effect until 2007, the councils had up to a year to prepare a FMP, plan amendment,or proposed regulations designed "to end overfishing in the fishery and to rebuild affected stocksof fish." Id. § 1854(e)(3)(A). The FMP, plan amendment, or regulations proposed by the councilmust "specify a time period for ending overfishing and rebuilding the fishery" that is "as short as4
Case 1:06-cv-01815-JDB Document 34 Filed 08/17/2007 Page 5 of 65possible" and that "allocate[s] both overfishing restrictions and recovery benefits fairly andequitably among sectors of the fishery." Id. § 1854(e)(4).Secretarial review of a FMP or plan amendment submitted by a regional council focuseson the proposed action's consistency with the substantive criteria set forth in, and the overallobjectives of, the MSA. As to the latter, the Secretary examines whether the council's proposalconforms to the explicit statutory requirements and whether it contains measures that are"necessary and appropriate for the conservation and management of the fishery, to preventoverfishing and rebuild overfished stocks, and to protect, restore, and promote the long-termhealth and stability of the fishery." 16 U.S.C. § 1853(a)(1)(A). FMPs, plan amendments, andregulations must "be consistent with" the ten "national standards for fishery conservation andmanagement." Id. § 1851(a). Three of those -- National Standards 2, 4, and 8 -- are of particularimportance here. National Standard 2 requires that "[c]onservation and management measures. . . be based upon the best scientific information available." Id. § 1851(a)(2). Standard 4governs the allocation of fishing privileges, barring discrimination between residents of differentstates and requiring that any allocations made be "fair and equitable" to all fishermen. Id.§ 1852(a)(4). National Standard 8 mandates that the measures selected "take into account theimportance of fishery resources to fishing communities in order to (A) provide for the sustainedparticipation of such communities, and (B) to the extent practicable, minimize adverse economicimpacts on such communities." Id. § 1851(a)(8). This focus on the welfare of fishingcommunities, however, must be "consistent with the conservation requirements" of the MSA,"including the prevention of overfishing and rebuilding of overfished stocks." Id.FMPs, plan amendments, and regulations promulgated by the Secretary are subject to5
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Judge's Opinion on Snapper Grouper Amendment 13C ... - SAFMC.net

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