Liquid Biofuels Strategies and Policies in selected African ... - Pisces

Identify a clear set of policy goalsMitigation of greenhouse gas emission andincreased adaptation to climate changeDevelopment ofexport marketAgricultural and RuralDevelopment and employmentMeasurable increase in national energysecurity and rural self-sufficiencyChoose productive biofuels feedstock’s for national conditions.Given the biophysical conditions (e.g. night/day temperatures, monthly rainfall patterns, soil type, surrounding vegetation, uncontroversialavailable land, processing requirements and technology availability), what crop feedstock’s are most suitable that do not compete withfood security? Conduct pilot studies if necessary. Are there more productive alternatives such as municipal and agricultural waste, gas etc?Most appropriate highest yielding feedstocks are chosenFood security analysisIs it possible to assure food security alongside biofuels production?Work with Agricultural ministries to increase food production for poorersocial groups. Think about mandating inclusive plantation designsNOYESEnvironmental analysisIs it possible to assure environmental protection and carbon savings as part of direct and indirect biofuelsdevelopment? Has a national level detailed map of existing natural resource management and protected areas ofhigh conservation value, forests, wetlands, and watersheds from large-scale mono-plantations been developed?Map and zone land and water use, soil and water impacts andgreenhouse gas emissionsNOYESSocial analysisIs it possible to assure positive agreed social outcomes for existing rural communities through biofuels production and use?Look at issues such as large-scale vs. small-scale production, inclusive plantationsdesigns, traditional and statutory land rights as well as labour conditionsNOYESEconomic analysisAre biofuels the most cost-effective means of achieving the desired policy goals?Look at costs relative to, for example, other energy sources, otherways of promoting rural developmentNOT SUREYESProceed with biofuels productionBIBLIOGRAPHYAnderson T. and Belay M (2009), Rapid Assessment of Biofuels Development Statusin Ethiopia and Proceedings of the National Workshop on Environmental ImpactAssessment and Biofuels by Hilawe Lakew and Yohannes Shiferaw Melca, Available atwww.melca-ethiopia.org/Biofuel%20Dev’t.html.pdfArndt C, Benfica R, Thurlow J ( 2010) Gender Implications of Biofuels Expansion: ACGE Analysis for Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC) APEC Biofuels. ChinaBiofuels Activities available at http://www.biofuels.apec.org/me_china.html Lastaccessed on November 27th 2010Barry G (2010) ‘Uganda Government Finally Scraps Mabira Rainforest Giveaway’Ecological Internet overview and commentary available on http://www.dareland.com/freep/issue205.htm Last accessed 5.1.2011Biofuel Africa ( 2009) BioFuel Africa Increases Acreage for Local Food Production inGhana by more than 880% 4th August 2009 available at http://www.biofuel.no/news_viewer.php?news=20090804 Last accessed 05.01.2011Biofuel Policy Committee Meeting, Mount Lenana hotel Nairobi July 6th 2009Biofuels Industrial Strategy of the Republic of South Africa: Department of Mineralsand Energy December 2007. http://www.energy.gov.za/files/esources/petroleum/petroleum_bio.html#3 Last accessed 05.01.2011Braun and Pachauri (2006) the promises and challenges of biofuels for the poor indeveloping countries, IFPRI, Washington DC, U.S.A. Available at http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ar05e.pdf Last accessed: 05.01.2011Brautigam D (2010) ‘China and the African Land Grab, The DRC oil palm deal’ blogand responses March 25th 2010 http://www.chinaafricarealstory.com/2010/03/chinaand-african-land-grab-drc-oil.htmlBrautigam D (2010) “China and the African “land grab”: The DRC Oil Palm DealChina in Africa the real story. Available on http://www.chinaafricarealstory.com/ Lastaccessed on November 27th 2010.British Petroleum (2010) BP Statistical Review of World Energy. Full report available onwww.bp.comByakola, T and Yiga, (2007) climate and development initiatives, biofuel case study.Available at http://np-net.pbworks.com/f/African+Biodiversity+Network+(2007)+Agrofuels+in+Africa,+casestudies+in+Benin,+Tanzania,+Zambia.pdf Last accessed: 05.01.2011Cheam J (2008) ‘ Life on Myanmar’s Jatropha Biofuels Plantations’ Singapore’s StraitsTimes http://blogs.straitstimes.com/2008/12/10/life-on-myanmar-s-biofuels-plantationsCircle of blue (2010) Infographic: water use per mile driven Biofuels vs Fossil fuelsSeptember 8 2010 on www.circleofblue.org/ waternews. Last accessed 26thNovember 2010Figure 11: Strategic national choices on biofuels development: A Decision Tree, adapted from Vermeulen et al (2008)50 Liquid Biofuels Strategies and Policies in selected African Countries Liquid Biofuels Strategies and Policies in selected African Countries 51