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Student Manual (2012-2013 PDF) - Newberry College

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Presents a cogent thesis or statement of purposeA thesis statement is a sentence that explicitly or implicitly expresses the author’sopinion about the topic. It should contain enough information to delineate clearlythe specific area to be discussed, and it must be demonstrable through argument andevidence. A statement of purpose should clarify the goal and content of the paper.Presents supporting ideas in a clear, logical structureThe organizational pattern of the entire paper will often be determined by the thesisstatement and rhetorical mode. For example, narrative essays will follow a chronologicalpattern, while descriptive essays might follow a spatial order. Expositionand argumentation essays could follow a “break-down” order (for example, classificationor analysis) or an organizational pattern that establishes relationships(comparison/contrast, analogy).Develops paragraphs by use of concrete detailWhile there are paragraphs that act as transitions between larger sections of a pieceof writing, most body paragraphs take their substance from the concrete detail usedto support their topic sentences, which in turn support the thesis sentence. Some effectivemethods of support are explanation, comparison and contrast, illustration,specific instance, statistics, testimony, and restatement (Ehninger et al. 106-118).To determine whether a paragraph is adequately developed through the proper useof supporting material, the reader may question each statement. If a statement isdebatable and allows the reader to question it, it is probably not concrete enough toconstitute evidence in support of the thesis statement. Argumentation may be builtupon opinion, but it must ultimately be grounded upon fact.Has a smooth, logical flow of thought both within and between paragraphsThe logical flow of thought is called “coherence.” According to Lynn QuitmanTroyka’s Handbook for Writers:A paragraph is coherent when its sentences are related to each other, not only incontent but also in grammatical structures and choice of words. Techniques thathelp to make paragraphs coherent include using transitional expressions, using pronouns,repeating key words, and using parallel structures (83).9

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