Key Words<strong>Medical</strong> student research, scholarly concentration,biomedical researchNotes on ContributorsCURT PFARR, PhD, is Associate Professor andSARP co-Director <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department of <strong>Medical</strong>Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medic<strong>in</strong>e, TexasTech University Health <strong>Science</strong>s Center, El Paso,TX, USA.DEBRA BRAMBLETT, PhD, is Assistant Professor<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department of <strong>Medical</strong> Education, Paul L.Foster School of Medic<strong>in</strong>e, Texas Tech UniversityHealth <strong>Science</strong>s Center, El Paso, TX, USA.DAVID OSBORNE, PhD, is Professor <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>Department of <strong>Medical</strong> Education, Paul L. FosterSchool of Medic<strong>in</strong>e, Texas Tech University Health<strong>Science</strong>s Center, El Paso, TX, USA.AMY TROTT, PhD, is Assistant Professor <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>Department of <strong>Medical</strong> Education, Paul L. FosterSchool of Medic<strong>in</strong>e, Texas Tech University Health<strong>Science</strong>s Center, El Paso, TX, USA.HEATHER BALSIGER, MS, is <strong>Medical</strong> EducationLaboratory Manager <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department of <strong>Medical</strong>Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medic<strong>in</strong>e, TexasTech University Health <strong>Science</strong>s Center, El Paso,TX, USA.MARTINE COUE, PhD, is Associate Professor andSARP co-director <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department of <strong>Medical</strong>Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medic<strong>in</strong>e, TexasTech University Health <strong>Science</strong>s Center, El Paso,TX, USA.RICHARD BROWER, MD, is Associate Professorand Chair <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department of <strong>Medical</strong> Education,Paul L. Foster School of Medic<strong>in</strong>e, Texas TechUniversity Health <strong>Science</strong>s Center, El Paso, TX,USA.TANIS HOGG, PhD, is Associate Professor andVice-Chair <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department of <strong>Medical</strong> Education,Paul L. Foster School of Medic<strong>in</strong>e, Texas TechUniversity Health <strong>Science</strong>s Center, El Paso, TX,USA.References1. Wyngaarden JB. The cl<strong>in</strong>ical <strong>in</strong>vestigator as anendangered species. The New England journalof medic<strong>in</strong>e. 1979 Dec 6;301(23):1254-9.PubMed PMID: 503128.2. Culliton BJ, D'Auria J. The physician-scientistreally is an endangered species. Journal of<strong>in</strong>vestigative medic<strong>in</strong>e : <strong>the</strong> official publicationof <strong>the</strong> American Federation for Cl<strong>in</strong>icalResearch. 1998 Dec;46(9):417-9. PubMedPMID: 9861771.3. Rosenberg L. Physician-scientists--endangeredand essential. <strong>Science</strong>. 1999 Jan15;283(5400):331-2. PubMed PMID: 9925491.4. Zemlo TR, Garrison HH, Partridge NC, Ley TJ.The physician-scientist: career issues andchallenges at <strong>the</strong> year 2000. FASEB journal :official publication of <strong>the</strong> Federation ofAmerican Societies for Experimental Biology.2000 Feb;14(2):221-30. PubMed PMID:10657979.5. Goldman E, Marshall E. Research fund<strong>in</strong>g. NIHgrantees: where have all <strong>the</strong> young ones gone?<strong>Science</strong>. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):40-1. PubMedPMID: 12364762.6. Ley TJ, Rosenberg LE. Remov<strong>in</strong>g careerobstacles for young physician-scientists -- loanrepaymentprograms. The New England journalof medic<strong>in</strong>e. 2002 Jan 31;346(5):368-72.PubMed PMID: 11821517.7. Nathan DG. Careers <strong>in</strong> translational cl<strong>in</strong>icalresearch-historical perspectives, futurechallenges. JAMA : <strong>the</strong> journal of <strong>the</strong> American<strong>Medical</strong> Association. 2002 May8;287(18):2424-7. PubMed PMID: 11988063.8. Ley TJ, Rosenberg LE. The physician-scientistcareer pipel<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> 2005: build it, and <strong>the</strong>y willcome. JAMA : <strong>the</strong> journal of <strong>the</strong> American<strong>Medical</strong> Association. 2005 Sep 21;294(11):1343-51. PubMed PMID: 16174692.9. Green EP, Borkan JM, Pross SH, Adler SR,Nothnagle M, Parsonnet J, et al. Encourag<strong>in</strong>gscholarship: medical school programs topromote student <strong>in</strong>quiry beyond <strong>the</strong> traditionalmedical curriculum. Academic medic<strong>in</strong>e :journal of <strong>the</strong> Association of American <strong>Medical</strong>Colleges. 2010 Mar;85(3):409-18. PubMedPMID: 20182113.10. Pfarr CM, Lacy NL, Coue M. A scholarly activityand research requirement at <strong>the</strong> Paul L. FosterSchool of Medic<strong>in</strong>e. <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Science</strong> <strong>Educator</strong>.2011;21(1S):91-7.<strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Science</strong> <strong>Educator</strong> © IAMSE 2013 Volume 23(1S) 116
11. Cook S, Grochowski CO, A<strong>the</strong>rton A, LaskowitzDT, Pervaiz S, Buckley E, et al. Develop<strong>in</strong>gphysician leaders for over 50 years: <strong>the</strong> Dukemedical student research experience <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> USand S<strong>in</strong>gapore. <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Science</strong> <strong>Educator</strong>.2011;21(1S):53-8.12. ChichoskiKelly EM. Us<strong>in</strong>g research as a tool forre<strong>in</strong>forc<strong>in</strong>g basic sciences <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical years:description of a fourth year teach<strong>in</strong>g/researchrequirement at <strong>the</strong> University of VermontCollege of Medic<strong>in</strong>e. <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Science</strong> <strong>Educator</strong>.2011;21(1S):59-62.13. Aronson JF, Valbuena GA, Hellmich MR,Asimakis GK. Translational research track formedical students: develop<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>terprofessionalcollaborative competencies for translationalresearch. <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Science</strong> <strong>Educator</strong>.2011;21(1S):63-6.14. Hunt JE, Scicluna H, McNeil HP. Developmentand evaluation of a mandatory researchexperience <strong>in</strong> a medical education program: <strong>the</strong><strong>in</strong>dependent learn<strong>in</strong>g project at UNSW. <strong>Medical</strong><strong>Science</strong> <strong>Educator</strong>. 2011;21(1S):78-85.15. Mendonca VRR, Barral-Netto M. Stimulat<strong>in</strong>g<strong>the</strong> formation of <strong>the</strong> physician-scientist;scientific exposure dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> medical course <strong>in</strong>Brazil. <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Science</strong> <strong>Educator</strong>. 2011;21(1S):107-11.16. Bahner I, Somboonwit C, Pross S, Coll<strong>in</strong>s RJ,Saporta S. Teach<strong>in</strong>g science through biomedicalresearch <strong>in</strong> an elective curriculum. <strong>Medical</strong><strong>Science</strong> <strong>Educator</strong>. 2012;22(3S):143-6.17. Straus SE, Straus C, Tzanetos K, InternationalCampaign to Revitalise Academic M. Careerchoice <strong>in</strong> academic medic<strong>in</strong>e: systematic review.Journal of general <strong>in</strong>ternal medic<strong>in</strong>e. 2006Dec;21(12):1222-9. PubMed PMID: 17105520.Pubmed Central PMCID: 1924755.18. Borges NJ, Navarro AM, Grover A, Hoban JD.How, when, and why do physicians choosecareers <strong>in</strong> academic medic<strong>in</strong>e? A literaturereview. Academic medic<strong>in</strong>e : journal of <strong>the</strong>Association of American <strong>Medical</strong> Colleges. 2010Apr;85(4):680-6. PubMed PMID: 20354389.19. Parsonnet J, Gruppuso PA, Kanter SL, Bon<strong>in</strong>gerM. Required vs. elective research and <strong>in</strong>-depthscholarship programs <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> medical studentcurriculum. Academic medic<strong>in</strong>e : journal of <strong>the</strong>Association of American <strong>Medical</strong> Colleges. 2010Mar;85(3):405-8. PubMed PMID: 20182112.20. Steele DJ, de la Rosa JM, Tob<strong>in</strong> BW. Texas TechUniversity Health <strong>Science</strong>s Center Paul L.Foster School of Medic<strong>in</strong>e. Academic medic<strong>in</strong>e :journal of <strong>the</strong> Association of American <strong>Medical</strong>Colleges. 2010 Sep;85(9 Suppl):S555-7.PubMed PMID: 20736629.21. Faculty, PLFSOM LCME Institutional Self-Study 2012.22. Blake DJ, Weir A, Newey SE, Davies KE.Function and genetics of dystroph<strong>in</strong> anddystroph<strong>in</strong>-related prote<strong>in</strong>s <strong>in</strong> muscle.Physiological reviews. 2002 Apr;82(2):291-329.PubMed PMID: 11917091.23. McNally EM, Pytel P. Muscle diseases: <strong>the</strong>muscular dystrophies. Annual review ofpathology. 2007;2:87-109. PubMed PMID:18039094.24. Meregalli M, Far<strong>in</strong>i A, Belicchi M, Parol<strong>in</strong>i D,Cass<strong>in</strong>elli L, Raz<strong>in</strong>i P, et al. Perspectives of stemcell <strong>the</strong>rapy <strong>in</strong> Duchenne muscular dystrophy.The FEBS journal. 2012 Dec 3. PubMed PMID:23206279.25. Verhaart IE, Aartsma-Rus A. Gene <strong>the</strong>rapy forDuchenne muscular dystrophy. Current op<strong>in</strong>ion<strong>in</strong> neurology. 2012 Oct;25(5):588-96. PubMedPMID: 22892952.26. Partridge TA. Impend<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>rapies forDuchenne muscular dystrophy. Current op<strong>in</strong>ion<strong>in</strong> neurology. 2011 Oct;24(5):415-22. PubMedPMID: 21892079.27. Nowak KJ, Davies KE. Duchenne musculardystrophy and dystroph<strong>in</strong>: pathogenesis andopportunities for treatment. EMBO reports.2004 Sep;5(9):872-6. PubMed PMID:15470384. Pubmed Central PMCID: 1299132.28. Nishiyama T, Takeda S. [Induced pluripotentstem (iPS) cell-based cell <strong>the</strong>rapy for musculardystrophy: current progress and futureprospects]. Bra<strong>in</strong> and nerve = Sh<strong>in</strong>kei kenkyuno sh<strong>in</strong>po. 2012 Jan;64(1):39-46. PubMedPMID: 22223500.29. Gossen M, Bon<strong>in</strong> AL, Freundlieb S, Bujard H.Inducible gene expression systems for highereukaryotic cells. Current op<strong>in</strong>ion <strong>in</strong>biotechnology. 1994 Oct;5(5):516-20. PubMedPMID: 7765466.30. Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction ofpluripotent stem cells <strong>from</strong> mouse embryonicand adult fibroblast cultures by def<strong>in</strong>ed factors.Cell. 2006 Aug 25;126(4):663-76. PubMedPMID: 16904174.31. Park IH, Zhao R, West JA, Yabuuchi A, Huo H,Ince TA, et al. Reprogramm<strong>in</strong>g of humansomatic cells to pluripotency with def<strong>in</strong>edfactors. Nature. 2008 Jan 10;451(7175):141-6.PubMed PMID: 18157115.32. Tedesco FS, Hoshiya H, D'Antona G, Gerli MF,Mess<strong>in</strong>a G, Anton<strong>in</strong>i S, et al. Stem cell-mediatedtransfer of a human artificial chromosomeameliorates muscular dystrophy. <strong>Science</strong>translational medic<strong>in</strong>e. 2011 Aug17;3(96):96ra78. PubMed PMID: 21849666.<strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Science</strong> <strong>Educator</strong> © IAMSE 2013 Volume 23(1S) 117
- Page 4 and 5: Patient Oriented Research: The Duke
- Page 6 and 7: MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATORThe Journal
- Page 8 and 9: alumni continued with a full time a
- Page 10 and 11: MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATORThe Journal
- Page 12 and 13: In addition to the monthly core ses
- Page 14 and 15: MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATORThe Journal
- Page 16 and 17: encourages students to develop and
- Page 18 and 19: MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATORThe Journal
- Page 20 and 21: Figure 1: The average number of pub
- Page 22 and 23: with a higher impact factor, and pu
- Page 24 and 25: 12. Green EP, Borkan JM, Pross SH,
- Page 26 and 27: in providing research opportunities
- Page 28 and 29: Figure 2: Number of projects comple
- Page 30 and 31: eing evaluated on multiple occasion
- Page 32 and 33: suggested that academic schools/dep
- Page 34 and 35: MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATORThe Journal
- Page 36 and 37: efficient as possible. All students
- Page 38 and 39: The layout and design of the Labora
- Page 40 and 41: effective therapy will regulate pro
- Page 44 and 45: 33. Darabi R, Baik J, Clee M, Kyba
- Page 46 and 47: work in a team with a faculty super
- Page 48 and 49: MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATORThe Journal
- Page 50 and 51: CORE COMPETENCYThe Scientific Metho
- Page 52 and 53: During Year 3, students are brought
- Page 54 and 55: APPENDIXFigure 1: Curriculum themes
- Page 56 and 57: Figure 2: Cystic Fibrosis Case Intr
- Page 58 and 59: Table 2: Medical Scholar Series Top
- Page 60 and 61: Table 3: Representative research pr
- Page 62 and 63: the M.B.Ch.B and B.Pharm. degrees r
- Page 64 and 65: Regardless of its origins, there is
- Page 66 and 67: References1. Eichbaum Q, Nyarango P
- Page 68 and 69: methods, sample size and power, use
- Page 70 and 71: Evaluation Survey by StudentsAt the
- Page 72 and 73: DiscussionThis program was created
- Page 74 and 75: MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATORThe Journal
- Page 76 and 77: andomly divided over small groups i
- Page 78 and 79: In our course, the example of skin
- Page 80 and 81: MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATORThe Journal
- Page 82 and 83: student/team is assigned a primaryt
- Page 84 and 85: KeywordsResearch, Competencies, Cur
- Page 86 and 87: conducting in-class research requir
- Page 88 and 89: Glucose measurements are taken in s
- Page 90 and 91: 13. Basu Ray I, Henry TL, Davis W,
- Page 92 and 93:
Goals of the Research ProgramBy est
- Page 94 and 95:
Community OutcomesEach year we shar
- Page 96 and 97:
MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATORThe Journal
- Page 98 and 99:
AlamarBlue assay. For downregulatio
- Page 100 and 101:
development of cancer in NF1-patien
- Page 102 and 103:
coated with micro-patterns of Colla
- Page 104 and 105:
Duke Treadmill Score for Predicting
- Page 106 and 107:
and smr genes were downloaded from
- Page 108 and 109:
initial diagnosis respectively the
- Page 110 and 111:
hythm, we considered it appropriate
- Page 112 and 113:
Respiration Changes on Fowler Posit
- Page 114 and 115:
to the WHO protocol, the measure wa
- Page 116 and 117:
anesthesia techniques are safe and
- Page 118 and 119:
Spearman correlation quotient (R) a
- Page 120 and 121:
MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATORThe Journal
- Page 122:
International Association ofMedical
- Page 126:
MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATORThe Journal