official launch - TRTA i

Market Access Mapwww.macmap.orgWorkshop in Market AnalysisMarket Access MapMaking Tariffs and Market Access BarriersTransparentWorkshop in Strategic Market AnalysisGeneral features of MacMap• WIDE GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE: tariffs applied by 169 countriesto the products exported by over 200 countries and territories.• WIDE COVERAGE OF INSTRUMENTS: Covers: ad-valorem tariffs;specific tariffs; tariff quotas; and antidumping duties• PREFERENCES: Covers most bilateral and regional agreements.Rules of Origin and Certificates of origin are also included for mostagreements.• ANALYTICAL FLEXIBILITY: Permits any analysis: by region, byeconomic sector or by measureWorkshop in Strategic Market AnalysisCommon types of trade agreements• Free Trade Agreement: reduces trade restrictions between partnercountries• Free Trade Zone: eliminates trade barriers within the zone onsubstantially all the trade between the members• Custom Union: free trade zone + common external tariff• Common Market: free trade of services, goods and factors ofproduction (capital and labour)• Economic Union: unification/harmonization of economic policies:monetary policy, fiscal policy, norms…Market Access Map050516 Workshop-MacMap-Pak-3Market Access Map050516 Workshop-MacMap-Pak-4Workshop in Strategic Market AnalysisWorkshop in Strategic Market AnalysisImplicationsTypes of tariff barriers…• The average developing country belongs to 5 separateregional trade agreements (Global Economic Prospects, Trade Regionalismand Development, World Bank, 2005)• Difficult to keep track of what tariffs your own countryapplies and faces let alone the tariffs faced by yourcompetitors• Need for greater transparency on tariffs and rules of origin• Ad valorem tariffs:– levied on the basis of the value– Eg: 20% of the value of the imported product (majority of countries)• Specific tariffs:– levied on the basis of volume or weight– Eg: $2 per kilogram or per litre (Switzerland, USA, EU, Japan)• Combined tariffs:– containing both ad-valorem and specific rates– Eg: 10% of the value+$2 per kilogram (Japan, EU, Canada)Market Access Map050516 Workshop-MacMap-Pak-5Market Access Map050516 Workshop-MacMap-Pak-6Page 22International Trade Centre