and that the term was coined in Austria. Before that the bread was called “berches,” aname that is still used by Jews in some parts today. The bread became the Jewish ritualbread in Germany, Austria, and Bohemia and was taken to Poland, Eastern Europe, andRussia when the Jews migrated east. Housewives kneaded the dough on Thursday, let itrise overnight, and got up early on Friday to bake it. They often baked all the bread forthe week at the same time, so as not to waste fuel. The distinctive smell which emanatesfrom the oven and fills the house when it is baked is the Sabbath aroma that pervades thememories of the old Yiddish-speaking world.
Challah: The Divine Doughby Rebbetzin Tziporah HellerMost of us are familiar with the braided Shabbat loaves and call them "challah." Literally,challah is a mitzvah in the Torah (Numbers 15:17-21), which enjoins us to set aside onepiece of dough from each batch we make, as it says: "…It shall be that when you eat thebread of the land, you shall set aside a portion [of dough] for God."Actually, the word "challah" doesn't mean bread, dough, or any of the other words thatseem to describe the aromatic loaves. The root of the word is chol which means ordinaryor secular.Is Anything Really Ordinary?When I went to camp as a child one of my least favorite activities was what was known as"the nature walk," in which a large group of incurably urban children were taken throughthe monotonous backwoods roads of the Catskills in upstate New York. To pass the timeon the dusty highways we would sing: "We're here because we're here because we'rehere…" (ad infinitum).<strong>For</strong> most of us, these words describe the way we see the world. We are desensitized to itswonder and beauty, to the extent that "ordinary" describes the way we see life: banal,unremarkable, and most of all "because it's there."The Torah presents us with a radically different approach. Everything is in its essenceholy, kodesh, and always will be. God gives us permission to use His world for a"mundane, chol" purpose, under one condition: that we preserve its holy essence.And what word describes everything in the world after we make this commitment? Chol,which means ordinary. "Ordinary" life has a holy source, and it is our responsibility touse it well.This is especially true in regard to bread. Nothing is more "ordinary" than eating. Yet onan intuitive level we can connect to the mystic energy of the earth itself while makingbread, in its feel and texture. It is meant to touch us deeply, and halacha (literally, "the wayto walk") tells us how use its power well.