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B<strong>and</strong> Theory of <strong>Solids</strong>A metal has a b<strong>and</strong> partly filled. An insulator has alarge gap between a filled b<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> an empty one.A semiconductor also has its valence b<strong>and</strong> filled,but a small gap to the next level (conduction b<strong>and</strong>).EmptyGapOccupied