Nation’s highest scientific award, the National Medal ofScience (1998). He was conferred with membership inboth the National Academy of Sciences (1973) and theNational Academy of Engineering (1998). He hasreceived gold medals from organizations as diverse asthe U.S. Department of Commerce, the Japan Instituteof Metals, and Acta Metallurgica. He has been accordedthe status of Fellow at NIST, the American Academy ofArts and Sciences, the Japan Society for the Promotionof Science, the American Institute of MetallurgicalEngineers, and the ASM International. He has beenhonored no less than eleven times as a DistinguishedLecturer and has received honorary doctorates fromUniversit d’Evry (France, 1996) and NorthwesternUniversity (1990), and an honorary professorship fromJiao Tong University (Shanghai, China, 1980). Hisawards for distinguished work include the Harvey Prize(Israel Institute of Technology, 1995), the RockwellMedal (International Technology Institute, 1994), theHume-Rothery Award (AIME, 1993), the Michelsonand Morley Prize (Case Western University, 1991), theSauveur Award (ASM International, 1989), the StrattonAward (NBS, 1986), the von Hippel Award, (MaterialsResearch Society, 1985), the Dickson Prize (Carnegie-Mellon University, 1981), and the S. B. Meyer Award(American Ceramic Society, 1966). He is currentlySenior Fellow in the NIST Materials Scienceand Engineering Laboratory where he is continuinghis pioneering work on the thermodynamics andkinetics of phase transitions, diffusion, and interfacephenomena.Prepared by Ronald Munro in consultation with FrankGayle and Carol Handwerker.References[1] D. Shechtman, I. Blech, D. Gratias, and J. W. Cahn, MetallicPhase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No TranslationalSymmetry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1951-1953 (1984).[2] P. P. Ewald (ed.), Fifty Years of X-Ray Diffraction, InternationalUnion of Crystallography (1962).[3] J. M. Bijvoet, W. G. Burgers, and G. Hägg (eds.), Early Paperson Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals, International Union ofCrystallography (1969).[4] F. W. Gayle, Introduction to: Metallic Phase with Long-RangeOrientational Order and No Translational Symmetry, in TheSelected Works of John W. Cahn, W. Craig Carter and William C.Johnson (eds.), The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society,Warrendale, Pennsylvania (1998).[5] Mort La Brecque, Opening the Door to Forbidden Symmetries,Mosaic (Washington, D.C.) 18 (4) 2-13+ (1987/8).[6] D. Shechtman and I. A. Blech, The Microstructure of RapidlySolidified Al 6Mn, Metall. Trans. A 16A, 1005-1012 (1985).[7] Peter W. Stephens and Alan I. Goldman, Sharp DiffractionMaxima from an Icosahedral Glass, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1168-1171 (1986).[8] R. Penrose, The Role of Aesthetics in Pure and Applied MathematicalResearch, Bull.-Inst. Math. Appl. 10, 266-271 (1974).[9] Alan L. Mackay, De Nive Quinquangula: On the PentagonalSnowflake, Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. 26, 517-522 (1981).[10] P. Kramer and R. Neri, On Periodic and Non-periodic SpaceFillings of m Obtained by Projection, Acta Crystallogr. A40,580-587 (1984).[11] Dov Levine and Paul Joseph Steinhardt, <strong>Quasicrystals</strong>—A NewClass of Ordered Structures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 2477-2480(1984).302