Neurotransmission Fact Sheet

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Brain Parts <strong>Fact</strong> <strong>Sheet</strong>Cerebral Cortex:• Largest part of the brain• Most highly developed part of the brain• Controls thinking, perceiving, and understanding language• Corpus callosum connects the two hemispheresHemispheres of the cerebral cortex:• Controls the right side of the body• Responsible for mathematical ability,problem solving, language, anddecision-making• Controls the left side of the body• Responsible for artistic expression andunderstanding relationships in spaceLobes of the cerebral cortex:• Located below the crown of the head• Processes sensory information from the whole body(information about pain, touch, and pressure)• Located right behind the forehead• Responsible for initiating and coordinatingmotor movements and higher cognitiveskills like problem solving and thinking• Located in the back of the brain, againstthe skull• Processes all the visual informationcoming into the brain• Located behind the temples and justabove the ears• In charge of making sense of theinformation you hear• Integrates information from varioussenses, such as smell and visionHypothalamus:• Controls body temperature, hunger, and thirstCerebellum:• Controls posture, movement, and the sense of balance*not visible by cross-sectionBrain Stem:• Brain’s most primitive part• Controls simple reflexes, such as coughing, sneezing, and digestion• Two main parts—pons and medulla• Pons contains the fibers that connect the cerebral cortex withthe cerebellum and spinal cord; also controls sleeping,awakening, and dreaming• Medulla controls heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure;connects the brain to the spinal cordLimbic System: two main parts—hippocampus and amygdala• Hippocampus controls learning and memory• Amygdala plays an important role in emotional behaviorModule 1
Nicotine and the BrainNonsmoker: Normal acetylcholine and receptorsAcetylcholine receptors help with respiration,heart rate, memory, alertness, muscle movement,pleasure, and well-being. In a synapse ofa nonsmoker, there is a normal amount ofacetylcholine and receptors, so the neuron isworking just like it should.New Smoker: Too many chemicals in the synapseNicotine is a similar shape to acetylcholine, so itfits into the same receptors. This makes neuron 1send messages much more often than it should.Addicted Smoker: Less acetylcholine and fewerreceptorsAfter a person has been smoking for a while,the brain decreases the amount of acetylcholineand the number of receptors. The brain doesthis to stop the neuron from sending too manymessages.Quitting “cold turkey”: Not enough acetylcholineand receptorsWhen nicotine use stops, the neuron is unableto send many messages because there is nolonger enough acetylcholine. There are alsofewer acetylcholine receptors. The user feelsuncomfortable and has withdrawal symptoms.Teacher copy: Module 2
Page 1 and 2: Neurotransmission Fact SheetThe bra
Page 5: Brain Parts Fact SheetCerebral Cort
Page 9 and 10: Alcohol and the BrainBrain PartAlco
Page 11 and 12: Puzzle PiecesAcetylcholineNicotine
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Neurotransmission Fact Sheet

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