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PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCESFounded 1953President:Secretary General:Treasurer:Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS, NI, HI, SI,TIProf. Dr. G.A. Miana, SIProf. Dr. Shahzad A. MuftiPROCEEDINGS OF THE PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, published since 1964, is quarterly journalof the Academy. It publishes original research papers and reviews in basic and applied sciences. All papers arerefereed externally. Authors are not required to be Fellows or Members of the Academy, or citizens of Pakistan.EDITOR-IN-CHIEFDr. Abdul RashidPakistan Academy of Sciences3-Constitution Avenue, Islamabad, PakistanE-mail: pas.editor@gmail.comEngineering Sciences & TechnologyProf. Dr. Abdul Raouf, SI36-P, Model Town ExtensionLahore, PakistanE-mail: abdulraouf@umt.edu.pkMedical SciencesProf. Dr. M. Salim Akhtar, SI725, Shadman HouseShadman Colony ILahore – 54000E-mail: msakhter47@yahoo.comEDITORSLife SciencesProf. Dr. Kauser A. Malik, HI, SI,TIForman Christian CollegeFerozepur Road, LahoreE-mail: kauser45@gmail.comPhysical SciencesProf. Dr. M. Aslam Baig, HI, SI,TIDepartment of PhysicsQuaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadE-mail: baig@qau.edu.pkEDITORIAL BOARDLocal Advisory BoardProf. Dr. M. ArslanDr. N.M. ButtProf. Dr. M. Qasim JanProf. Dr. M. Ajmal KhanDr. Anwar NasimProf. Dr. Asghar QadirProf. Dr. M. QaisarProf. Dr. RiazuddinInternational Advisory BoardProf. Dr. A.K. Cheetham, USAProf. Dr. P.K. Khabibullaev, UzbekistanProf. Dr. S.N. Kharin, KazakhstanProf. Dr. H.W. Korf, GermanyProf. Dr. Tony Plant, USAProf. Dr. S.G. Ponnambalam, MalaysiaProf. Dr. E. Nieschlag, GermanyProf. Dr. D.L.G. Noakes, CanadaProf. Dr. M.S. Ying, ChinaAnnual Subscription for 2011: Pakistan: Institutions, Rupees 2000/-; Individuals, Rupees 1000/-Other countries: US$ 100.00 (Price includes air-lifted overseas delivery)© Copyright. Reproduction of paper abstracts is permitted provided the source is acknowledged. Permission toreproduce any other material may be obtained in writing from the Editor-in-Chief.The articles published in the Proceedings contain data and opinions of the author(s) only. The Pakistan Academy ofSciences and the Editors accept no responsibility whatsoever in this regard.HEC Recognized, Category XPublished by Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 3 Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, PakistanTel: 92-5 1-9207140 & 9215478; Fax: 92-51-9206770; Website: www.paspk.orgPrinted at PanGraphics (Pvt) Ltd., No. 1, I & T Centre, G-7/l, Islamabad, PakistanTel: 92-51-2202272, 2202449 Fax: 92-51-2202450 E-mail: pangraph@gmail.com
Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences 48 (3): 137-142, 2011Copyright © Pakistan Academy of SciencesISSN: 0377 - 2969Pakistan Academy of SciencesOriginal ArticleEffect of Bacterivorous and Predatory Nematodes onMacroalgal Detritus DecompositionMohammad J. Hosen 1, 2,* , Mohammod Hossain 1 , Joey G. Martinez 1 ,Nanette H. Sumaya 1 , Yuanyuan Mei 1 , Shrinkhala Manandhar 1 ,Giovanni dos Santos 1 and Tom Moens 11 Department of Biology, Ghent University, Belgium2 Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Scienceand Technology, Sylhet-3114, BangladeshAbstract: Nematodes may contribute to the decomposition of detritus in both aquatic and terrestrialecosystems. In aquatic sediments, the most prominent role is expected for bacterial-feeding nematodes,since these may in several ways affect the activity and abundance of bacteria, the principaldecomposers of organic matter. However, many free-living nematodes have other feeding strategies,and it is unclear whether they may also affect decomposition processes. Predatory nematodes, forinstance, may affect the abundance of bacterivores and hence indirectly also of bacteria (i.e. a trophiccascade). This study focuses on the short-term (9 days) effects of the Rhabditis bacteriovorousnematodes Rhabditis (Pellioditis) marina and Panagrolaimus paetzoldi and of the predatory nematodeEnoploides longispiculosus in single-species as well as in combination treatments on thedecomposition rate of brown algae (Fucus vesiculosus L.) detritus through laboratory microcosmexperiments. Remarkably, all treatments with the predatory nematode showed higher decompositionrates than treatments without E. longispiculosus. Howeve, the mechanism behind this effect remainunclear. In addition, a combination treatment with both bacterivorous species had a higherdecomposition rate than treatments with single bacterivore species, inline with other recent studiesdemonstrating interactions effects between different bacterivore species.Keywords: Microcosom, bacteria, nematodes, bacterivores, predators, decomposition, trophicINTRODUCTIONNematodes are the most numerous metazoanorganisms in the world. They are importantcomponents of soil and aquatic sedimentcommunities [1, 2]. They are very abundant inmarine and brackish sediments [2]. Many kindsof free-living nematodes feed predominantly onbacteria, and appear mainly in spots with highmicrobial activity; other species are grazers ofmicrophytobenthos or predators of protozoansand/or small metazoans [3, 4].Bacterivorous nematodes do not feeddirectly on soil organic matter but on thebacteria associated with it. Presence ofpredaceous nematodes may influencedecomposition processes through trophiccascades from predators over bacterivores tobacteria [5]. In addition, some predatorynematodes are facultative predators and maycomplete their diet with, among other things,bacterial food [6, 7]. They may also facilitate thedecomposition of complex organic molecules bybacteria through the secretion of digestiveenzymes [8]. Bacterivores may stimulatemicrobial activity and hence organic matterdecomposition through microbioturbation,resulting in a higher diffusion rate of oxygen andnutrients [9, 10, 11]. They also secrete mucuswhich may act as a substratum for specificbacteria [12, 13] and their grazing on bacteriamay keep the bacterial community fromreaching stationary growth, implying anadditional contribution to the re-mineralizationof nutrients [9, 14] and the decomposition rate ofthe organic matter [9, 15, 16]. Because of theirintricate interaction with microbes and with thephysical environment [17, 18, 19], nematodesare better indicators of the rate of decompositionof organic matter than the abundance of bacteria____________________________Received January 2011, Accepted September 2011* Corresponding author: Mohammad Jakir Hosen, Email: Jakir_gen@yahoo.com
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