Economic Implications of Carbon Taxes in South Africa - UNU-WIDER

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Results: Emissions Reductions• A US$30 per ton CO2 carbon tax achieves emissions targets• Ring-fencing of electricity means large reduction in other sectorsBusinessas-usual,2010Changes in GHG emissions, 2010-2025Deviation from “business-as-usual” scenario, 2025 (%)Policy-AdjustedProductioncarbon taxConsumptioncarbon taxForeigncarbon taxCO 2 emissions (mil.mt) usingthe reference approach 447.5 -8.6 -36.6 -36.2 -19.6Electricity generation 237.0 -19.0 -19.0 -19.0 -19.0Other sectors/households 210.5 0.0 -51.3 -50.5 -20.1CO 2 emissions (mil.mt) usingthe sectoral approach 397.4 n.a. -40.4 -41.4 -21.0
Results: GDP and Employment LossesEconomywide abatement costsSectoral sources of lossesDecline in GDP or employment , 2025 (%)1.41.21.00.80.60.40.2Carbon tax (US$/mt)$10$5$2.5GDP$40$35$30$25$20$15EmploymentDecline in GDP, 2025 (%)1.41.21.00.80.60.40.2ServicesConstructionManufacturingMiningAgriculture0.00 10 20 30 400.00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Decline in GHG emissions, 2025 (%)Carbon tax (US$/mt)
Page 1 and 2: Economic Implications of CarbonTaxe
Page 3 and 4: Energy-Economy Model• South Afric
Page 5 and 6: Energy UseEnergy efficiency =Energy
Page 7: Electricity InvestmentsSystem capac
Page 11: Conclusions• Carbon taxes reduce

Economic Implications of Carbon Taxes in South Africa - UNU-WIDER

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