Coordination - Disaster Management Center - University of ...

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1Chapter ChapterInternational HumanitarianCoordination—Benefits and BarriersBy studying this chapter you will learn about:■ The objectives of coordination — why it promotesthe objectives of humanitarian action■ The benefits of coordination — why it facilitatesorganisations in meeting their own objectives■ The barriers that make coordination so difficult“What good does coordination do anyway?”All actors do not always hold coordination in high regard. There is oftenresistance to what is perceived as the heavy hand of coordination—whereactors are forced to comply rather than take voluntary steps to “cooperate”.Many people fear that coordination will inflict a greater bureaucratic burdenand will limit their freedom to act when and where they want to. Thesentiment is usually, “I don’t really want to be coordinated by someone else.”In major responses to crises, organisations frequently meet at various levels ofmanagement and routinely form partnerships to share resources and enhancetheir capacities. These meetings and partnerships, however, do not alwaysresult in a more sensitive coverage of needs, better sharing of resources, andmore sustainable practices. Why do stories of poor practice in coordinationconstantly reappear despite the efforts to coordinate and years of analysis onhow coordination should work?This chapter discusses the objectives and benefits of coordination. It illustratesthe difference between simply “going through the motions” of coordinationfor the sake of “appearing coordinated” and using coordination forhumanitarian results. The emphasis, however, is on the barriers to coordinationthat must be tackled by all actors in humanitarian action. You will have theopportunity to analyse your organisation’s contribution to a coordinatedsystem and pinpoint areas that can be improved.5
EP07CoordinationAccomplishing the ObjectivesThe objectives of coordination relate closely to the objectives of humanitarian response. Beforereading on, reflect on the following list of objectives and then answer the two questions.Primary objectives of humanitarian action indicated in the mandates of UN organisations1. To build healthy populations and communities and to combat ill health (WHO)2. To support economic and social development and provide logistics support necessary todeliver food (WFP).3. To advocate for humanitarian issues with political organs, notably the Security Council (OCHA)4. To lead and coordinate international action for the world-wide protection of refugees (UNHCR)5. To protect childrens’ rights and expand their opportunities (UNICEF)What are the top five objectives of humanitarian actionas expressed by your organisation?1.2.3.4.5.What are your personal top five objectives in your role as a humanitarian?1.2.3.4.5.Compare your answers to the objectives listed above. This exercise illustrates that, even in statingbroad objectives, actors within the international humanitarian system have different philosophies.How do stated objectives overlap between organisations? Where do your objectives fit in? Can anyof the actors reach their objectives by themselves?Of all the possible objectives, most people and organisations can usually agree on at least one:To meet the needs of the affected population. Relating this overall goal to the need for bettercoordination can be found in the definition of coordination (as applied to humanitarian assistance):Coordination is the systematic use of policy instruments to deliver humanitarian assistancein a cohesive and effective manner. Such instruments include strategic planning, gatheringdata and managing information, mobilizing resources and ensuring accountability,orchestrating a functional division of labor, negotiating and maintaining a serviceableframework with host political authorities and providing leadership.— UN Coordination of the International Response to the Gulf Crisis 1990-1992(Thomas J. Watson Institute for International Studies; Providence, Rhode Island) OccasionalPaper 13, Minear, Chelliah, Crisp, Mackinlay, and Weiss (1992).6
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EP07CoordinationChapter 3Answers1.
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Chapter 4EP07A coordination system
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Chapter 4EP07Some Examples of Pract
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Chapter 4EP078. Membership is a cri
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451Chapter ChapterPractices, Skills
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Chapter 5EP078. Which of the follow
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461Chapter ChapterMaking the Most o
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Chapter 6EP07What can be gained fro
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Chapter 6EP07Now consider the follo
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Chapter 6EP07Each evening, INTERFET
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Chapter 6EP07Recollections about a
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Chapter 6EP07Chapter 6Self-Assessme
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Chapter 7EP07NGO complaints on the
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Chapter 7EP07Tensions in TanzaniaA
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Chapter 7EP077. Start early, stay l
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Chapter 7EP079. Share the glory of
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7ChapterSummaryLessons learned and
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Chapter 7EP07Multiple choice. Mark
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EP07CoordinationCOURSE EVALUATIONCO
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