“Modern Sewer Design” is the result of a - Jensen Bridge & Supply

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260 MODERN SEWER DESIGNFigure 8.2 Environmental Guidelines for Corrugated Steel PipepH pH2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Water & SoilResistivity2,000 to 10,000ohm–cm(see AISI chart)Zinc Coated (Galvanized)Aluminum Coated Type 2 (Min. Resistivity 1500)Water & SoilResistivity> 10,000ohm–cmZinc Coated (Galvanized) (see AISI chart)Aluminum Coated Type 2 (Min. Resistivity 1500)Water & SoilResistivity> 2,000ohm–cmAsphalt CoatedAsphalt Coated and Paved(see AISI chart) Polymerized Asphalt Invert Coated*Polymer Precoated (Min. Resistivity 100 ohm-cm)Polymer Precoated and Paved (Min. Resistivity 100 ohm-cm)*Use AsphaltCoated Rangesfor FullyCoated ProductAramid Fiber Bonded Asphalt CoatedAramid Fiber Bonded and Asphalt PavedMaximumAbrasion Level22222333423
8. DURABILITY261• Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) 25 — Zinc corrodes much more slowly then steel innatural environments and it galvanically protects steel at small discontinuities inthe coating. Its excellent resistance to corrosion is due to the formation of protectivefilms on zinc during exposure. On the average, the rate of attack of zincis approximately 1/25 that of steel in most atmospheres and various waters.High corrosion rates in strongly acidic and strongly alkaline solutions can beattributed to the absence of film on the metal surface (stable films are present onthe surface when the corrosion rates are low). Lab test indicated stable films inthe pH range from about 6 to 12.5.• Aluminum Coated Type 2 — “Aluminum is a reactive metal, but it develops apassive aluminum oxide coating or film that protects it from corrosion in manyenvironments.” 26 This film is quite stable in neutral and many acid solutions butis attacked by alkalies greater than a pH of 9. From a corrosion standpoint, aluminumhas an advantage over galvanized in lower pH and in soft water due to theformation of the oxide film. (Soft waters are generally classified as waters witha hardness of 50 parts per million CaCo 3 or less.) The coatings are essentiallyequal under abrasion and in waters where the zinc oxide film forms rapidly.Service LifeThe service life of zinc coated galvanized is determined using the AISI Chart asdiscussed below. This chart predicts a variable service life based on pH and resistivityof water and soil and has been an industry standard for many years. Manyspecifying agencies view service life of aluminum coated type 2 as having additionalservice life over galvanized (27, 28, 29, 30) . This advantage varies throughout thecountry from minimal to significant depending on the environment and the geographiclocation. Users are encouraged to review the practices in their area.For the purposes of this Guide, aluminum coated type 2 can provide a servicelife range of a minimum 1.3 times the AISI chart for galvanized(roughly 1 gage)and up to to 75 years (possibly more) in the appropriate environmental conditions.This is consistent with the range of practice by state and federal specifying agencies.The specific multiplier used for design purposes should be based on comparableexperience under similar environmental conditions. There may be conditionswhere the actual performance is more than or less than this range. The significantadvantage appears to be either for more corrosive effluent or soft waters where theprotective scale forms rapidly for aluminum. In benign environments or where protectivescales form rapidly on zinc, there may be little advantage.AISI Method for Service Life PredictionThe service life of CSP can be reasonably predicted based on the environmentalconditions, the thickness of the steel, and life of the coating. The most practicalmethod of predicting the service life of the invert is with the AISI (American Ironand Steel Institute) chart shown above. This chart is based on 16 gage galvanizedCSP with a 610 g/m 2 (2 oz/ft 2 ) coating and can be applied to other thicknesses withthe appropriate factor. See discussion above for estimating the service life of aluminumcoated type 2.The AISI chart, which gives service life in terms of resistivity and pH, wasdeveloped from a chart originally prepared by the California Department ofTransportation (Caltrans). The Caltrans study of durability was based on life to first
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®ModernSewerDesignFirst Edition 19
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PrefaceiiiThis Edition of AISI’s
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The Kirpich Formula ...............
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viiiMODERN SEWER DESIGNFabricated f
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2 MODERN SEWER DESIGNRoundPipe Arch
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4 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 1.3M(Con
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6 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 1.3(Cont
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8 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 1.4M(Con
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10 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 1.4(Con
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12 MODERN SEWER DESIGNPerforated Pi
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14MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 1.8Size
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16 MODERN SEWER DESIGNRt18”Rb18
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18 MODERN SEWER DESIGNRt31”Rb31
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20 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 1.11M(C
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22 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 1.11(Co
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24 MODERN SEWER DESIGNCSP COUPLING
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26 MODERN SEWER DESIGNFor unusual c
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28 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 1.13MMi
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34 MODERN SEWER DESIGNSaddle Branch
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36 MODERN SEWER DESIGNManholes and
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38 MODERN SEWER DESIGNManhole Reinf
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40 MODERN SEWER DESIGNManhole Steps
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42 MODERN SEWER DESIGNSpiral Rib St
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44 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 1.16Mat
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46 MODERN SEWER DESIGNCSP sewer des
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48MODERN SEWER DESIGNIt is not econ
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50MODERN SEWER DESIGNMETHODS TO RED
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52MODERN SEWER DESIGNTwin 180 m (59
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54MODERN SEWER DESIGNsive structura
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56MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 2.2 Medi
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58MODERN SEWER DESIGNThe general re
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60MODERN SEWER DESIGNbe evaluated f
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62MODERN SEWER DESIGN7 m (24 ft) di
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64MODERN SEWER DESIGNPrecipitationR
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66MODERN SEWER DESIGNRainfall Inten
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68MODERN SEWER DESIGNestimates. It
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70MODERN SEWER DESIGNThe first quar
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72MODERN SEWER DESIGNSurfaceDepress
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74MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 3.4 Reco
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76MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 3.5 Runo
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78MODERN SEWER DESIGNThe selection
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80MODERN SEWER DESIGNDirect Runoff(
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82MODERN SEWER DESIGNThe Kirpich Fo
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84MODERN SEWER DESIGNSlope in Perce
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86MODERN SEWER DESIGNduce a runoff
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88MODERN SEWER DESIGNDLq pt p t rFi
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90MODERN SEWER DESIGNHydrograph is
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92MODERN SEWER DESIGNIt is importan
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94MODERN SEWER DESIGNLaying full bi
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96MODERN SEWER DESIGNFabricated fit
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98 MODERN SEWER DESIGNCLASSIFICATIO
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100 MODERN SEWER DESIGNV 12/2gEGL 1
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102 MODERN SEWER DESIGNThe critical
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104 MODERN SEWER DESIGN700600Pipe-A
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106 MODERN SEWER DESIGN20001500Pipe
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108 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 4.1MWa
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110 MODERN SEWER DESIGNHydraulic Pr
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112 MODERN SEWER DESIGN(or velocity
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114 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 4.9 Va
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116 MODERN SEWER DESIGNSolving the
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118 MODERN SEWER DESIGNFULL908070We
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120 MODERN SEWER DESIGNSurface Wate
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122 MODERN SEWER DESIGNFORM LOSSES
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124 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 4.14Va
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126 MODERN SEWER DESIGN1.41.2rD1.0o
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128 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 4.15 E
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130 MODERN SEWER DESIGNT = 2.5 mINL
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132 MODERN SEWER DESIGN600 mm (24 i
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134 MODERN SEWER DESIGNFrom Table 4
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136 MODERN SEWER DESIGNDefinitionsS
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138 MODERN SEWER DESIGNREFERENCES1.
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140 MODERN SEWER DESIGNFabricated f
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142MODERN SEWER DESIGNBACKWATER ANA
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144MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 5.1 Ene
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146MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 5.2 Hyd
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148MODERN SEWER DESIGN30°31 2Q 1 =
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Flow Channel150MODERN SEWER DESIGN1
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152MODERN SEWER DESIGNMETHODS OF DE
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154MODERN SEWER DESIGNEXAMPLE:Given
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156MODERN SEWER DESIGNEXAMPLE:Given
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158MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 5.3M Me
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160MODERN SEWER DESIGN43.5320 m rig
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162MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 5.4Typi
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164MODERN SEWER DESIGNNSchoolGreenB
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166MODERN SEWER DESIGNlowing steps
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168MODERN SEWER DESIGNCulvert desig
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170MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 5.6M Pr
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172MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 5.7M Hy
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174MODERN SEWER DESIGNDetailed Metr
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176MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 5.8 Equ
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178MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 5.9 Maj
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180MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 5.10M F
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182MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 5.11Com
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184MODERN SEWER DESIGNTwo 6 m (20 f
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186MODERN SEWER DESIGNDownspoutsDis
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188MODERN SEWER DESIGNLarge 95,000
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190MODERN SEWER DESIGN0.1Step 1:cfs
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192MODERN SEWER DESIGN160014001200E
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194MODERN SEWER DESIGNOTHER DETENTI
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196MODERN SEWER DESIGNSUBSURFACE DI
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198MODERN SEWER DESIGNOrdinary Back
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200MODERN SEWER DESIGNSOIL INVESTIG
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202MODERN SEWER DESIGNArea (a)Posit
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204MODERN SEWER DESIGNPoint Source
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206MODERN SEWER DESIGN600 mm (24 in
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208MODERN SEWER DESIGN375 mm (15 in
Page 218 and 219: 210MODERN SEWER DESIGNThe soil inve
Page 220 and 221: 212MODERN SEWER DESIGNCONSTRUCTION
Page 222 and 223: 214MODERN SEWER DESIGNAt manhole, j
Page 224 and 225: 216MODERN SEWER DESIGNCSP sewers ar
Page 226 and 227: 218 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 7.1Hig
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Page 234 and 235: 226 MODERN SEWER DESIGNInstalling a
Page 236 and 237: 228 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 7.8Tab
Page 238 and 239: 230MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 7.10MDe
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Page 242 and 243: 234 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 7.12 D
Page 244 and 245: 236 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 7.13 D
Page 246 and 247: 238 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 7.14 M
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Page 250 and 251: 242 MODERN SEWER DESIGNAerial Sewer
Page 252 and 253: 244 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 7.18Al
Page 254 and 255: 246 MODERN SEWER DESIGN26.4.2 Joint
Page 256 and 257: 248 MODERN SEWER DESIGND 85 soil si
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Page 260 and 261: 252 MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable 8.1 Ty
Page 262 and 263: 254 MODERN SEWER DESIGNField Studie
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Page 270 and 271: 262 MODERN SEWER DESIGNperforation
Page 272 and 273: 264 MODERN SEWER DESIGNConcrete Inv
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Page 278 and 279: 270 MODERN SEWER DESIGNWell points
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Page 288 and 289: 280MODERN SEWER DESIGNBorrowing Rat
Page 290 and 291: 282MODERN SEWER DESIGNPresent Value
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Page 296 and 297: 288MODERN SEWER DESIGNFigure 10.1 L
Page 298 and 299: 290MODERN SEWER DESIGNThe three pha
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Page 302 and 303: 294MODERN SEWER DESIGNinstallation
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Page 306 and 307: 298MODERN SEWER DESIGNA wide variet
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Page 310 and 311: 302MODERN SEWER DESIGNUnderground C
Page 312 and 313: 304MODERN SEWER DESIGN(2) ASTM A807
Page 314 and 315: 306MODERN SEWER DESIGNPhiladelphia
Page 316 and 317: 308MODERN SEWER DESIGNLarge diamete
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310 MODERN SEWER DESIGNGrass surfac
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312 MODERN SEWER DESIGNIf aggregate
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314 MODERN SEWER DESIGN(to which th
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316 MODERN SEWER DESIGNREHABILITATI
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318 MODERN SEWER DESIGNRelining Mat
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320 MODERN SEWER DESIGNInversion Li
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322 MODERN SEWER DESIGN
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324MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable C3SI de
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326MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable C5Non-S
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328MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable C8Engin
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330MODERN SEWER DESIGNTable C9 Prop
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332GENERAL TABLESTable G2 Canandian
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334 MODERN SEWER DESIGNDisclaimer i
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336 MODERN SEWER DESIGNRound fittin
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338 MODERN SEWER DESIGNNotes
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