Natural Ecosystem

MODULE - 2Ecological Conceptsand IssuesNotesEnvironmental Science Senior Secondary Course(3) It is linear as shows progressive increase in species composition of one in comingcommunity and a simultaneous decrease in species of the other out going adjoiningcommunity.(4) A well developed ecotones contain some organisms which are entirely different fromthat of the adjoining communities.(5) Sometimes the number of species and the population density of some of the species ismuch greater in this zone than either community. This is called edge effect. Theorganisms which occur primarily or most abundantly in this zone are known as edgespecies. In the terrestrial ecosystems edge effect is especially applicable to birds. Forexample the density of song birds is greater in the mixed habitat of the ecotonebetween the forest and the desert.6.7 PROTECTION OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEMSNatural ecosystems have been misused by the human being as a result of which thebiodiversity and wild life has been threatened. Increasing human population, its increasingneeds and greed are the root causes of destruction of natural ecosystems. Destruction andloss of any of the natural ecosystem will result in ecological imbalance and the human being(the destroyer) himself will become an endangered species. Hence natural ecosystemsneed protectionProtection of natural ecosystem demands management of human use of the biosphereresources such that they give maximum benefits to the present human generation whilemaintaining its potential to meet the needs of future human generations. Protection ofnatural ecosystems to an environmentalist means to protect animals and plants in theirnatural habitat in totality and not the protection of any one species . It can be achieved bythe following methods:-• Humans should reduce their needs.• Introduction of the species from the other parts of the world and the human interferenceshould be reduced to minimum into natural ecosystems.• Some of the areas should be earmarked as protected or reserve zones. This can beachieved by making buffer or transitional zones around the protected area. (Bufferzone and transitional zones are where only a few humans are permitted to enter)• Species in the detrimental habitats should be shifted to their unexploited naturalhabitat. Delhi Development Authority along with Delhi University has jointly establisheda Yamuna Biodiversity park in Delhi to protect and restore natural biodiversity lostfrom the Yamuna river bank. The same natural habitat is created for the plants andaquatic birds. Within a span of one year after the establishment of wetland the numberof migratory birds has increased remarkably.112