South Africa's national interest and BRICS

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Page 10February 2012Policy Brief No. 4• BRICS mediation discourse: The fi ve BRICScountries are regional powers in their respectiveregions. The assumption is that they havemediated their regional interest and strategicpositions, and have secured a regional mandate.For instance, South Africa may refl ect in itsengagements with BRICS and the rest of worldthat it is “the gateway to Africa”.• BRICS expansion: BRICS is a growing forum.The question is: In which ways will the inclusionof Mexico, Turkey, Nigeria, Egypt, Thailand orIndonesia change the relationship among theBRICS countries? How will the balance of powerconfi guration be resolved at BRICS and atregional level?• China extension/expansion: China’s extensionand expansion of its scope and scale of interactionand activities in the world has policy implications.How will BRICS countries fi nd a balancebetween third-party preferences in whichChina will engage (e.g. the EU, ASEANand USA) and those that the BRICS countrieshave with China? Similarly, what and howwill BRICS countries (particularly Chinaand Russia) deal with IBSA’s infl uence onand divergent interest in BRICS?• BRICS knowledge hub: BRICS needs tomanage, organise and disseminate theinformation and knowledge about itsactivities in each country and in the restof the world. Will the BRICS countries adopta hub-and-spokes approach where the specifi ccountry knowledge and information (spokes)are transmitted into the central hub, andwhere will the hub be located amongstthe BRICS?
Policy Brief No. 4 Page 11February 2012ReferencesBaker, PH & Lyman, PN, 2008. South Africa: From beaconof hope to rogue democracy? Working Paper, StanleyFoundation, Muscatine, Iowa. Online: http://www.cfr.org/content/thinktank/South_Africa_Paper_Dec_2008.pdfBhadrakumar, MK, 2011. China BRICS up Africa. AsiaTimes, 4 January. Online: http://atimes.com/atimes/China/MA04Ad02.htmlBrookings Institution, 2011. The foreign policies ofemerging-market democracies: What role for humanrights and democracy? Report of proceedings,International Forum for Democratic Studies, 14–5 April.Online: http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/reports/2011/06_human_rights_piccone/06_human_rights_piccone.pdfCheng, TJ & Hsu, SP, 1998. Between power balancingand bandwagoning: Rethinking the post-Cold WarEast Asia. In Yuan, I (Ed.), 2004. Rethinking newinternational order in East Asia: U.S., China andTaiwan. Institute of International Relations, NationalChengchi University, Taipei.Danchenko, I, 2010. One step forward, two stepsbackward? The realities of a rising China andimplications for Russia’s energy ambitions. PolicyPaper, Brookings Foreign Policy, Brookings Institution,Washington DC.Fabricius, P, 2010. Is foreign policy being thrust uponZuma? The Star (South Africa), 26 February.Fundira, T, 2011. Russia – Africa trade at a glance:Economic and trade policy overview. Trade LawCentre for Southern Africa (Tralac), Cape Town.Goldman Sachs Group, 2007. BRICS and beyond.Goldman Sachs Global Economics Group, November.Online: http://www2.goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/brics/brics-and-beyond-book-pdfs/brics-full-book.pdfHaas, EB, 1987. Adaptation and learning in internationalorganizations. Manuscript. Institute of InternationalStudies, Berkeley.Hartzenberg, T, Kalenga, P & Mathis, J et al. 2011.Cape to Cairo: Making the tripartite free trade areawork. Trade Law Centre for Southern Africa (Tralac),Cape Town.Hopf, T, 1998. The promise of constructivism ininternational relations theory. International Security.23(1):171–200.Ikenberry, GJ, 2011. A world of our making. DemocracyJournal, 20, Spring. Online: http://www.democracyjournal.org/20/a-world-of-our-making.php?page=allJohnson, I & Calmes, J, 2011. As US looks to Asia, it seesChina everywhere. New York Times, 15 November.Jones, B, 2011. Largest minority shareholder in globalorder LLC: The changing balance of infl uence andU.S. strategy. Policy Paper, Brookings Foreign Policy,Brookings Institution, Washington DC. Online: http://www.brookings.edu/papers/2011/03_global_order_jones.aspxKeohane, R, 1988. International institutions: Twoapproaches. International Studies Quarterly,32(4):379–96.Keohane, R, 1989. International institutions and statepower: Essays in international relations theory.Westview Press, Boulder.Krasner, SD, 1985. Structural confl ict: The Third Worldagainst global liberalism. University of California Press,Berkeley.Kuchins, A & Weitz, R, 2008. Russia’s place in anunsettled order: Calculations in the Kremlin. WorkingPaper, The Stanley Foundation, Muscatine, Iowa.Mail & Guardian, 2011. Obama to China: Behave like a“grown up” economy, 14 November. Online: http://mg.co.za/article/2011-11-14-obama-to-china-behave-like-agrown-up-economy/Mearsheimer, JJ, 2003. The tragedy of great powerpolitics. WW Norton, New York.Mingjiang, L & Chan, G, 2010. China’s search for amultilateral world: Dilemmas and desires. InternationalSpectator, 45(4):13–25.Netshitenzhe, J, 2002. Should media serve the nationalinterest or the public interest? Presentation at theMedia Freedom Day panel discussion, 19 October.Online: http://www.gcis.gov.za/newsroom/speeches/ceo/2002/021019.htmNye, J, 2011. The future of power. Public Affairs Books,Jackson, Tennessee.Republic of South Africa (RSA), 2003. Towards aten-year review: Synthesis report on implementationof government programmes. Policy Coordination andAdvisory Services (PCAS), Presidency.Development Planning Division
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