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Table.2.3. Amounts of common fermentation end products in various silagesItemsAlfalfa Silage,30 - 35% DMAlfalfa Silage,45 - 55% DMGrass Silage,25 - 35% DMCorn Silage,35 - 40% DMHigh MoistureCorn,70 - 73% DMpH 4.3 - 4.5 4.7 - 5.0 4.3 - 4.7 3.7 - 4.2 4.0 - 4.5Lactic acid, % 7 - 8 2 – 4 6 – 10 4 - 7 0.5 - 2.0Acetic acid, % 2 - 3 0.5 - 2.0 1 – 3 1 - 3 < 0.5Propionic acid, % < 0.5 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1Butyric acid, % < 0.5 0
Table.2.4. Change in fiber contents of forages ensiled with enzymesSourceChange in fiber concentration (g/ Kg dry matter)Neutral detergent fiberAcid detergent fiberGrassesBeuvink and Spoelstra (1994) -35.6 -Jacobs and McAllan (1991) -4.9 -10.2Choung and Chamberlain (1992) -12.3 -11.7Mandebvu et al. (1999) 0 0Rodrigues et al. (2001) -29.6 -19.2Selmer-Olsen et al. (1993) -26.9 -30.7Stokes et al. (1996) -5.3 -8.2Weinberg et al. (1993) 0 -8.8Legumes and grass-legume silagesKung et al. (1991) +1.1 +2.6Fredeen and Mc Queen (1993) -1.3, -7.8 -1.4, -6.5Hoffman et al. (1995) -6.7 -2.0Sheperd et al. (1995) -9.5, -7.8 -9.2, -4.2Nadeau and Buxton (1997) -3.7 0Whole plant silagesKung et al. (1990) -4.2 -2.8Weinberg et al. (1993) -7.3 -7.2Adogla-Bessa et al. (1999) -8.5 -12.8Adogla-Bessa et al. (1999) (+ urea) +0.3 -1.1Nia and Wittenberg (1999) -0.4 -0.6Adapted from Adesogan (2005)
Page 3 and 4: University of Agriculture Faisalaba
Page 5 and 6: All the praises and admirations are
Page 8 and 9: List of tablesTableTitlePage3.1 Nut
Page 10 and 11: IntroductionCHAPTER-IRuminants ferm
Page 12 and 13: CHAPTER-IIReview of LiteratureFiber
Page 14 and 15: The objective of ensilation of fodd
Page 16 and 17: International Inc., Schaumberg, IL;
Page 20 and 21: Silage pHRapid decline in silage pH
Page 22 and 23: ensile corn silage. They found high
Page 24 and 25: al., (2002) reported similar ammoni
Page 26 and 27: however, soluble NDF fraction was s
Page 28 and 29: digestibility by sheep fed perennia
Page 30 and 31: enzymes to the diet can potentially
Page 32 and 33: Table.2.6. Effect of direct-fed enz
Page 34 and 35: Growth PerformanceDirect fed exogen
Page 36 and 37: Table.2.7 Effect of direct-fed enzy
Page 38 and 39: depression at higher feed intake le
Page 40 and 41: increased linearly with increasing
Page 42 and 43: disappearance of DM, CP, NDF and AD
Page 44 and 45: emained unaltered (P>0.05) during 2
Page 46 and 47: Table.3.2 Nutrient composition of o
Page 48 and 49: Table.3.4 Effect of increasing leve
Page 54 and 55: DiscussionNutrient compositionUnalt
Page 56 and 57: of fiber by enzyme during ensiling
Page 58 and 59: IntroductionIn developing countries
Page 60 and 61: Neutral detergent fiber and ADF con
Page 62 and 63: Table.4.2 Nutrient composition of e
Page 64 and 65: Chart. 4.1 pH of ensiled wheat stra
Page 68 and 69:
DiscussionNutrient compositionUnalt
Page 70 and 71:
CHAPTER-VSummaryTwo independent exp
Page 72 and 73:
CHAPTER-VILiterature CitedAbo-Eid,
Page 74 and 75:
Charmley, E. 2001. Towards improved
Page 76 and 77:
Fredeen, A.H. and R.E. McQueen. 199
Page 78 and 79:
Kung, L., R.J. Treacher, G.A. Nauma
Page 80 and 81:
Muzakhar, K., H. Hayashii, T. Kawag
Page 82 and 83:
Reddish, M.A. and L. Kung Jr. 2007.
Page 84 and 85:
Stokes, M.R., Y. Wang and J. Dohert
Page 86:
on extent of digestion and milk pro
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