Bird-Friendly Building Design Bird-Friendly Building Design

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Bird collisions with buildings occur year-round, but peak duringthe migration period in spring and especially in fall.
APPENDIX II: BIRD MIGRATIONBird collisions with buildings occur year-round, butpeak during the migration period in spring andespecially in fall when millions of adults and juvenilebirds travel between breeding and winteringgrounds. Migration is a complex phenomenon, anddifferent species face different levels of hazardsdepending on their migration strategy, immediateweather conditions, availability of food, and humanmadeobstacles encountered on the way.Many species have a migratory pattern that alternatesflight with stopovers to replenish their energystores. Night-flying migrants, including manysongbirds, generally take off within a few hours ofsunset and land after midnight but before dawn(Kerlinger, 2009). Once birds have landed, they mayremain for several days, feeding and waiting for appropriateweather to continue. During that time,they make flights around the local area, hunting forgood feeding sites. Almost anywhere they stop – incities, suburbs or business parks – they run the riskof hitting glass. Most collision monitoring programsinvolve searching near dawn for birds that havebeen killed or injured during the night. Programsthat also monitor during the day, however, continueto find birds that have collided with windows (Gelband Delecretaz, 2009; Olson, pers. comm; Russell,pers. comm; Hager, 2008). These diurnal collisionsare widespread, and represent the greatest numberof bird deaths and the greatest threat to birds.Diurnal MigrantsDaytime migrants include raptors such as the BroadwingedHawk and Merlin that take advantage ofthermal air currents to reduce the energy needed forflight. Other diurnal migrants, including Red Knots,Canada Geese, and Sandhill Cranes, fly in flocks, andtheir stopover sites are localized because of their dependenceon bodies of water. This means that daytimemigration routes often follow land forms suchas rivers and mountain ranges as well as coastlines.Birds tend to be concentrated along these routesor “flyways.” Some songbird species such as theAmerican Robin, Horned Lark, and Eastern Kingbirdalso migrate during the day. Diurnal migrant flightaltitudes are generally lower than those of nocturnalmigrants, putting them at greater risk of collisionswith tall buildings.As seed dispersers, birds such as the Cedar Waxwing play an important rolein maintaining many types of habitat. Photo: Chip MillerLarger birds, such as the Sandhill Crane, migrate in flocks during the day.Photo: Alan WilsonBird-Friendly Building Design45
Page 1: Bird-FriendlyBuildingDesign
Page 4 and 5: Issues of cost prompted Hariri Pont
Page 6 and 7: Introduction
Page 8 and 9: architects to mark the beginning of
Page 10 and 11: Problem: GlassThe glass in this Was
Page 12 and 13: Large facing panes of glass can app
Page 14 and 15: Plantings on setbacks and rooftops
Page 16 and 17: Solutions: Glass
Page 18 and 19: FOA made extensive use of bamboo in
Page 20 and 21: Awnings and OverhangsOverhangs have
Page 22 and 23: Patterns on GlassPatterns are often
Page 24 and 25: Opaque and Translucent GlassOpaque,
Page 27 and 28: This window at the Philadelphia Zoo
Page 29 and 30: Artificial light is increasingly re
Page 31 and 32: Reducing exterior building and site
Page 33 and 34: Downtown Houston during Lights Out.
Page 35 and 36: Changing human behavior is generall
Page 37 and 38: APPENDIX I: THE SCIENCE OF BIRD COL
Page 39 and 40: species - is still being investigat
Page 41 and 42: Both increased height of trees and
Page 43: argument that patterns applied to t
Page 47: Night-migrating songbirds, already
Page 50 and 51: The white stripes on this glass wal
Page 52 and 53: Madrid’s Vallecas 51, designed by
Page 54 and 55: REFERENCESAvery, M.L., P.F. Springe
Page 56 and 57: External shades, as shown here on t
Page 59: The Orange Cube, a commercial and c

Bird-Friendly Building Design Bird-Friendly Building Design

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