PHILIPPINES RATTAN VALUE CHAIN STUDY - Aboutphilippines

3. ANALYZING THE NATURE,WEALTH, AND POWERDIMENSIONS OF THE VALUECHAINThis study highlights the (a) natural situation of rattan, (b) rattan’s socioeconomic contribution to and impacton rural and urban communities in the rattan industry, (c) power relationships between and among gatherers,kapatas and permittees, traders and manufacturers/exporters, and (d) impact of government policy on thechain and its actors.3.1 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MAPPING ANDRESOURCE TENURE3.1.1 CURRENT FORM OF RESOURCE TENURE SYSTEM AND MANAGEMENTSYSTEMGovernment forest management programs and policies have evolved from being state-managed and privateconcession–driven in the 1960s–80s to what it is now referred to as community-based forest management(CBFM) starting in the 1990s.The most common forms of legal tenure systems at present are the negotiated RCCs, CBFM Agreements,and CADC/Ts for indigenous communities. The private concession counterpart of the negotiated RCC is a“bidded” RCC and still very much operational for rattan production, despite stated policy of communitybasedforestry.The CADC/Ts are property rights given to indigenous people who have lived in the area for long periodsand established their cultural affiliation to the land. A CBFM is a 50-year agreement between the government—throughthe DENR—and a PO, which bestows tenure on the people to “own” a forestland and itsresources. The agreement covers not just resource use of timber and NTFPs, but also rehabilitation, protection,and sustainable management of the entire forest that is subject to the agreement. CBFM tenure allowsharvesting, subject to certain provisions. An annual work plan with resource use plan (how to utilize andmanage particular forest resources such as rattan) is required. A negotiated RCC is a 10-year permit given toPOs near forest areas where rattan stocks are still believed to be plentiful. The permit is subject to an AACand other management provisions. Figure 4 summarizes rattan cutting permit requirements by tenure instrument.10 FRAME: PHILLIPINES RATTAN VALUE CHAIN STUDY