Effect of Riverbank Erosion on Livelihood - Bangladesh Online ...

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Figure 4: Way to Cope Up with Loss <strong>of</strong> Cultivable Land50454035302520151050GaibandhaSirajganjPersonal Neighbourhood and Relatives Money Lender Relatives and Money LenderSource: Field Survey, 2011However, marginalized people have nothing to do but borrow money from different sourcesmostly from moneylender (Figure 4) in spite <strong>of</strong> high rate <strong>of</strong> interest.11.2. Loss <strong>of</strong> Agricultural ProductionFertile soil belongs to different regions <strong>of</strong> Bangladesh due to sedimentation through flooding.Such fertility enhances agricultural production. Due to bank erosion, a vast area <strong>of</strong>agricultural land goes into the river. To calculate the losses <strong>of</strong> agricultural production <strong>of</strong> thestudy area, different crop production in a calendar year was taken into consideration. It isevident from the study that both <strong>of</strong> the areas have limited opportunity <strong>of</strong> cultivation. They cancultivate three crops in a calendar year along with subsistence homestead gardening (i.e.vegetables). The main causes <strong>of</strong> such limited cultivation is abnormal flooding and associatedbank erosion.Agricultural ProductsTable 10: Agricultural Production in GaibandhaProduction Total Earnings(Maund*/ha/ (BDT)Year)Total Costing(BDT)Total Pr<strong>of</strong>it(BDT)Boro 17 13000 7245 5755Pulse 7 7700 4500 3200Jute 9 13600 4760 8840Total 34300 16505 17795Source: Field Survey, 2011*Note: 1 Maund= 37.32 KilogramsThe major agricultural production <strong>of</strong> a calendar year in Gaibandha is Boro-Pulse-Jute (Table10). They also produce homestead vegetation to fulfil their daily demand. It was revealedfrom the study that in Gaibandha, lose <strong>of</strong> one-hectare <strong>of</strong> land produce a total pr<strong>of</strong>it loss <strong>of</strong>17795 BDT. Such a loss brings great misery to the little earning peoples.<strong>Effect</strong>s <strong>of</strong> <strong>Riverbank</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> on Livelihood 24
Agricultural GoodsTable 11: Agricultural Production in SirajganjProduction Total Earnings Total Costing(Maund*/ha/ (BDT)(BDT)Year)Total Pr<strong>of</strong>it(BDT)Boro 19 15400 9814 5586Gainja (Local variety during Aman9 8450 4856 3594season)Jute 7 10800 5465 5335Pepper 34 22000 13350 8650Total 56650 33485 23165Source: Field Survey, 2011*Note: 1 Maund= 37.32 KilogramsOn the other hand, in Sirajganj, agricultural production <strong>of</strong> that area in a calendar year is Boro-Gainja-Jute-Pepper. Gainja is a local variety <strong>of</strong> paddy cultivated during Aman season. Loss<strong>of</strong> one-hectare <strong>of</strong> agricultural land gives a total pr<strong>of</strong>it loss <strong>of</strong> 23165 BDT (Table 11). People<strong>of</strong> those areas are generally poor and such loss makes them ultra-poor. In addition to these,such loss makes hindrance in carrying out normal livelihood option.11.3. Loss <strong>of</strong> Settlement/HomesteadThe severe impact <strong>of</strong> bank erosion is the loss <strong>of</strong> homestead that makes the population morevulnerable to live a descent life. When erosion strikes, people have no option left behindthem except bearing the losses. They never change location <strong>of</strong> their homestead before theerosion takes place. The main reason behind such behaviour is that they have little earningsthat never allow them to replace their homesteads before it totally collapses. In both <strong>of</strong> thestudy areas, it was observed that due to bank erosion most <strong>of</strong> the respondents lost less than0.2 ha <strong>of</strong> household area (53.3 and 60 percent in Gaibandha and Sirajganj respectively).Area(in Hectare)Table 12: Loss <strong>of</strong> household AreasGaibandha(N=15)Sirajganj(N=20)2000- ≤ 3000 53.4 40.0>3000 13.4 45.0Source: Field Survey, 2011<strong>Effect</strong>s <strong>of</strong> <strong>Riverbank</strong> <strong>Erosion</strong> on Livelihood 25
Page 1 and 2: Effects of
Page 3 and 4: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYRiverbank<
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 7 and 8: calendar year. In such a condition,
Page 9 and 10: 4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKBangladesh i
Page 11 and 12: In-depth InterviewTo understand the
Page 13 and 14: high-flow spill channel, active onl
Page 15 and 16: 9. CAUSES OF RIVERBANK EROSION<stro
Page 17 and 18: During the study, an attempt was ma
Page 19 and 20: It is evident from the study that t
Page 21 and 22: Figure 2: Comparison of</st
Page 23: Figure 3: Loss of
Page 27 and 28: Figure 6: House Building Materials
Page 29 and 30: expending money on food consumption
Page 31 and 32: Empirical data shows that a vast ma
Page 33 and 34: Age GroupTable 15a: Migration Patte
Page 35 and 36: elocation assurance is one
Page 37 and 38: Hossain, M.Z., 1984, Riverb
Page 39: Unnayan Onneshan - The Innovators16

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