THE 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS - CESD

GlossaryShi’i fiqh. Also referred to as marja taqlid, meaning literally one who is worthy of beingimitated.Masjid: Arabic for ‘mosque’.Maturidi: The school of Sunni Orthodoxy named after the followers of the 9th centuryscholar Muhammad Abu Mansur al Maturidi (853-944 CE).Melayu Islam Beraja: The concept of Malay Islamic monarchy.Morchidat: Literally, guides. Refers to the Moroccan cadre of trained female preachers.Mufti: A Muslim legal expert who is empowered to give rulings on religious matters.Muqri: A reciter of Qur’an.Murid: Follower of a Sufi guide or order.Mursyidul Am: Malaysian term for religious guide.Mutabarrik: Supporter or affiliate of a Sufi guide or order.Mu’tazili: An almost obsolete school of Sunni Islam, popular in the 8th century, thatadvocates the belief that the Qur’an was created—as opposed to the Orthodox Sunniview that it is eternal and uncreated.Nasheed: Religious song traditionally performed without musical instruments.Pancasila: Indonesian concept of five basic, national principles: belief in the Oneness ofGod, just and civilized humanity, the unity of Indonesia, democracy, and social justice.Pesantren: The term for Islamic schools in Indonesia.Qibla: The direction in which Muslims offer their five daily prayers; the directionof the Ka’ba in Mecca.Ramadan: Holy month of fasting.Salafi: A movement of Sunni Muslims that places great emphasis on literal interpretationof the Qur’an and Hadith, with skepticism towards the role of human.Shahadatayn: The two testimonies of faith: There is no deity but God. Muhammad isthe Messenger of God. Stating these two sentences is sufficient to become a Muslim.Sharia: Literally, ‘the way to the source’, this refers to Islamic law. Islamic law is not, asis widely perceived, a standard set of written rules, but is rather an unwritten text thatis interpreted by legal scholars in specific instances, drawing on the Qur’an and otherreliable religious sources relevant to the tradition followed.Sheikh: (1) A position of authority granted to people who are respected in society. (2)A religious official.Shi’a: The second-largest denomination of Muslims referred to as Shi’atu ‘Ali or ‘party of‘Ali,’ the fourth caliph of Islam and first imam in Shi’ism.Sunna: Literally ‘the trodden path’; this refers to the ways and practices of the ProphetMuhammad. Reference to these practices can be found in the Qur’an and in the Hadith.179