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Numerous hypotheses have been put forward toexplain the occurrence <strong>of</strong> COTS outbreaksNaturalPre-SettlementNatural causeshypothesis (Vine 1973)Post-settlementAdult aggregationhypothesisAdult aggregation(Dana 1972)hypothesis Prey-threshold (Dana et al.hypothesis (Antonelli1972)1984)AnthropogenicTerrestrial-run<strong>of</strong>fhypothesis (Birkeland1982)Predator-removalhypothesis (Endean1969)