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Table 2 People tested for HIV in Tuvalu, August-December, 2007MalesFemalesAge group Know Not know Know Not know> 15 yrs 4 615-24 yrs 70 4925-34 yrs 72 4335-49 yrs 94 22Total 240 120Source: Ministry of Health recordsIndicator 8. Percentage of most-at-risk populations that have receivedan HIV test in the last 12 months and who know the resultsThis indicator assesses progress in implementing HIV testing and counseling amongmost-at-risk populations. In order to protect themselves and to prevent infecting others, itis important for most-at-risk populations to know their HIV status. Knowledge of one’sstatus is also a critical factor in the decision to seek treatment. This indicator is calculatedseparately for each population that is considered most-at risk in a given country: sexworkers, injecting drug users and men who have sex with men.In Tuvalu, there are no recognized sex workers (although there are anecdotal reports ofinformal kinds of transactional sex) and there are no known injecting drug users. TheBSS survey reported on the existence of men who have sex with men but did not surveythem directly to find, for example, how many had been tested for HIV. From the youthBSS survey, 13.9% of males aged 15-24 years reported ever having sex with a male.There are, therefore, no data available about these groups.A recognised group of people at particular risk in Tuvalu are sea-farers: men who workaway from Tuvalu for months or years at a time on foreign-registered ships. This grouphas had tight surveillance and account for 70% of known HIV cases. This does notnecessarily reflect their higher prevalence but possibly their closer monitoring.Indicator 9. Percentage of most-at-risk populations reached withHIV/AIDS prevention programmesIn Tuvalu, there are no recognized sex workers (although there are anecdotal reports ofinformal kinds of transactional sex) and there are no known injecting drug users. TheBSS survey reported on the existence of men who have sex with men but did not surveythem directly to find, for example, how many had been tested for HIV. From the youthBSS survey, 13.9% of males aged 15-24 years reported ever having sex with a male.There are, therefore, no data available about these groups.Seafarers and their wives have been provided with specially-designed educationprogrammes by the Tuvalu Red Cross, funded by UNICEF. These education programsUNGASS 2008 Tuvalu 14
include awareness about HIV and STIs, information about protection, and life-skillstraining to counter family problems associated with long absences of men, problems thathave included family breakdowns and other social problems. Most of these programshave operated on the main island of Funafuti because of limited financial resources toconduct them on the other eight “outer” islands. This is an acknowledged short-comingand there are plans to improve national coverage.Indicator 10. Percentage of orphans and vulnerable children whosehouseholds received free basic external support in caring for thechildThere are no children as yet orphaned by AIDS in Tuvalu. Furthermore, the concept of‘orphans’ is not relevant to Tuvalu society. Children freely move between the householdsof their extended families and children who lose one or more parents are readily takeninto care by their other relatives.This indicator is therefore irrelevant to Tuvalu at present.Indicator 11. Percentage of schools that provided life-skills basedHIV/AIDS education within the last academic yearCoverage for primary schools: 100%Coverage for secondary schools: 100%Basic education from the age of 6 to 15 years is compulsory, there are schools on allislands, and enrolment in primary education in Tuvalu is therefore very close to 100%.Preschool and primary school curricula include lessons on health science, with languageand content appropriate to the children’s ages. The senior primary classes (ages 12-14)have full education on STIs and HIV. These classes are monitored by the Ministries ofEducation and Health, and there are plans to soon review the curricula on these subjects.At the two secondary schools in Tuvalu, all students participate in science classes, whichinclude human biology and topics relating to HIV and STIs. Different teachers may dealwith these topics in different ways.3.3 Knowledge and Behaviour IndicatorsIndicator 12. Current school attendance among orphans and amongnon-orphans aged 10–14*The Ministry of Education maintains a database on all children attending school inTuvalu, but collects no information as to whether these children have living parents ornot, or whether they reside with their biological parents.The concept of ‘orphans’ is not relevant to Tuvalu society. Children freely move betweenthe households of their extended families and children who lose one or more of theirbiological parents are readily taken into care by their other relatives.UNGASS 2008 Tuvalu 15
Page 7: HIV and STIs in Tuvalu. This commit
Page 12 and 13: assistance from the Pacific Regiona
Page 16 and 17: This indicator is therefore not rel
Page 18 and 19: Indicator N = 209HIV prevalence (%)
Page 20 and 21: 5 2 0 0 66.6Condom useYes 2 0 0 66.
Page 22 and 23: Table 9 Behavioural characteristics
Page 24 and 25: Table 12 Selected indicators of HIV
Page 26 and 27: Best practicesTuvalu is a small and
Page 28: Support from the country’s develo
Page 31 and 32: References1 Secretariat of the Paci
Page 33 and 34: Name / title: DR STEPHEN MAFOA KAIM
Page 35 and 36: ANNEX 2: National Composite Policy
Page 37 and 38: PROPOSED STEPS FOR DATA GATHERING1.
Page 39 and 40: 3. Reducingthevulnerability amongsp
Page 41 and 42: NATIONAL COMPOSITE POLICY INDEX QUE
Page 43 and 44: Settingse. Workplacef. Schoolsg. Pr
Page 45 and 46: IF NO or MODERATE involvement, brie
Page 47 and 48: 0 1 2 3 4 54. Does the country have
Page 49 and 50: 5.5 Has the country developed a pla
Page 51 and 52: 3. Does the country have a national
Page 53 and 54: Overall, how would you rate the pol
Page 55 and 56: 2. Does the country have a policy o
Page 57 and 58: Drug substitutiontherapyN/AN/A N/A
Page 59 and 60: IF YES, to what extent have the fol
Page 61 and 62: 1. Does the country have a policy o
Page 63 and 64: workplace or treatment referralsyst
Page 65 and 66:
guidelines on tools for data collec
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4.4 IF YES, to what degree do UN, b
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8. In the last year, was training i
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3. Does the country have laws, regu
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7. Does the country have a policy o
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YesNoIF YES, describe the effective
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Since RRT was established in Tuvalu
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0 1 2 3 4 5Overall, how would you r
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School-based AIDSeducation for youn
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g. Palliative care and treatment of
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3. Does the country have a policy o
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Output1.B1.A.41.A.5Lobby leaders, p
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2.A.52.A.62.A.72.A.82.A.92.A.102.A.
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2.B2.A.222.A.23Arrange with Telecom
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2.CImplement pilot program of HIVPi
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2.E2.D.5 Secure funding for CSMEnga
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2.G2.F.32.F.42.F.52.F.6Train tattoo
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3.B3.A.2Disseminate policy to healt
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3.D3.EComprehensive program of comm
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3.G3.F.6Incorporate STI case record
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3.I.1TA to undertake survey ofcircu
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4.C.2Identify national sero surveil
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4.E4.D.10Develop a national databas
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