Allyson Pollock - The Department of Bioethics

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Out-of-pocket health spending andincomeOlder Americans’ family out-of-pocket health costs, on average,are projected to consume 21% of their family income in 1994, upfrom 15% in 1987.While, on average, family out-of-pocket costs for the elderlygrew by 85% between 1987 and 1994, elderly family incomegrew by on 28% over the same period.Older Americans’ spending for family out-of-pocket costsrepresents a percentage of family income that is almost threetimes greater than that of younger Americans. For those under65, family health care costs consume 8% of family income in1994.NIH 0311 12
The equity testCharges are inequitable in two important respects.First, new charges increase the proportion of fundingfrom the unhealthy, old and poor compared with thehealthy, young and wealthy. In particular, highcharges risk worsening access to healthcare by thepoor. As the World Health Organisation report - whichassessed the United Kingdom as having one of thefairest systems in the world for funding healthcare -concludes: ‘Fairness of financial risk protectionrequires the highest possible degrees of separationbetween contributions and utilisation’.The NHS Plan, p37NIH 0311 13
Page 1 and 2: GATS and access to public health ca
Page 3 and 4: Public Service Reform AgendaTwo Mod
Page 5 and 6: Argument“doesn’t matter who pro
Page 7 and 8: What are the goals of a good health
Page 9 and 10: Redistribution and funding of healt
Page 11: Indirect taxes as a percentage of d
Page 15 and 16: How redistribution is designed into
Page 17 and 18: Building blocks of marketMechanisms
Page 19 and 20: UniversalismRisk pooling and social
Page 21 and 22: NHS equity mechanisms depend on ris
Page 23 and 24: Accountability: NHS pre 1991Secreta
Page 25 and 26: Mechanisms used to implement promar
Page 27 and 28: Funding flows and planning:NHS pre1
Page 29 and 30: US Healthcare insurance system. Dev
Page 31 and 32: How market-oriented health system r
Page 33 and 34: The proposed structure of the Moder

Allyson Pollock - The Department of Bioethics

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