Challenges for Law Enforcement - Pearson Learning Solutions

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24 Part 1: Impact of Cultural Diversity on Law Enforcementdiverse backgrounds. This consideration does not mean that standard operatingprocedures should be changed, nor does it imply that heinous crimes such as murderor rape should be excused on cultural grounds. However, as a matter of course,officers need to include culture as a variable in understanding, assessing, and reportingcertain kinds of incidents and crimes.DIMENSIONS OF DIVERSITYTo make sense of the different groups in our workplace and society, we need to havefunctional categories and terms. Marilyn Loden, organizational diversity consultant,describes and outlines the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity (Loden,2006). The specific categories within the dimensions of diversity are not new but ratherprovide a functional construction of individual and group characteristics for understandingthe people in the workforce and our society. This awareness and the ability toview differences as sources of strength often results in improved interpersonal relationshipsand improved citizen contacts.Primary Dimensions of DiversityA primary dimension is a core characteristic with which a person is born that remainswith the individual in all stages of his or her life. According to Loden, people have aminimum of six primary dimensions (Loden, 2006):1. Age2. Ethnicity3. Gender4. Mental/physical abilities and characteristics5. Race6. Sexual orientationMost people are aware of the meaning of these categories; however, for the sake ofclarity, the following terms are included in the category “sexual orientation”: heterosexual,homosexual, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. All of the six primary dimensions arecharacteristics that contribute to being advantaged or disadvantaged in the workforce andin society. Victims of hate bias crimes have been targeted because of these six dimensionsof diversity—age, ethnicity, gender, disability status, race, and sexual orientation.Secondary Dimensions of DiversityA secondary dimension is a characteristic a person acquires as the result of a choice heor she made or a choice someone else made for him or her (Loden, 2006). Nearly all ofthe secondary dimensions’ characteristics contribute to the microlevel demographicdata. The secondary dimensions of diversity include, but are not limited to:1. Communication style2. Education000200010270657112Multicultural Law Enforcement: Strategies for Peacekeeping in a Diverse Society, Fourth Edition, by Robert M. Shusta, Deena R. Levine, Herbert Z. Wong,Aaron T. Olson, and Philip R. Harris. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1: Multicultural Communities: Challenges for Law Enforcement 253. Family status4. Military experience5. Organizational role and level6. Religion7. First language8. Geographic location9. Income10. Work experience11. Work style12. OthersBoth primary and secondary dimensions of diversity influence the personal andprofessional lives of law enforcement personnel. Police officers need to be cognizantof these dimensions with their coworkers, and leaders with their subordinates. Tensionsbetween supervisors and coworkers are often caused by the differences in secondarydimensions. Similarly, a police officer’s ability to establish rapport with citizens canalso be related to either the actual or perceived degree to which dimensions are shared.Exhibit 1.10 shows how the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity influencepeople in the workforce and society. “While each dimension adds a layer ofcomplexity, it is the dynamic interaction among all the dimensions of diversity thatGeographicLocationMilitaryExperienceEducationAgeGenderWorkExperienceWorkStyleSexualOrientationMental/PhysicalAbilities andCharacteristicsIncomeReligionFamilyStatusEthnicHeritageRaceFirstLanguageCommunicationStyleOrganizationalRole and Level000200010270657112Exhibit 1.10 Dimensions of DiversityModels such as the diversity wheel, designed by Loden Associates, facilitate understandingof a broad range of primary and secondary dimensions of diversity.Source: Loden, 1996, p. 16. Reproduced with permission of Marilyn Loden.Multicultural Law Enforcement: Strategies for Peacekeeping in a Diverse Society, Fourth Edition, by Robert M. Shusta, Deena R. Levine, Herbert Z. Wong,Aaron T. Olson, and Philip R. Harris. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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