You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
Mammalian Bio-Stratigraphy of UpperCenozoic of TURKEYSerdar MAYDACurator,Dr.Ege University, Natural History Museum35100 Bornova-İzmir / TURKEY1
10 Pleistocene43 Villanian – <strong>Late</strong> Pliocene – Early Pleistocene27 Ruscinian – Early Pliocene105 Turolian - <strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong>62<strong>Late</strong><strong>Miocene</strong>67 Vallesian - <strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong>40 Astaracian – Middle <strong>Miocene</strong>65 Orlenian –Early - Middle <strong>Miocene</strong>213 Agenian – Early <strong>Miocene</strong>
11 Arvernian – <strong>Late</strong> Oligocene11 Suyevian – Early Oligocene1 <strong>Late</strong> Eocene7 Erken-Orta Eocene + 1 (?) Paleocene33
1 Paleocene10 Eocene27 Oligocene48 Early <strong>Miocene</strong>65 Middle <strong>Miocene</strong>180 <strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong>34 Early Pliocene36 <strong>Late</strong> Pliocene34 Pleistocene1 Holocene* (Ozansoy, 1965, 1966; Sickenberg ve diğ., 1975; Ünay ve Bruijn, 1987; Bruijn vediğ., 2003; Saraç, 2003; Kaya ve diğ., 2001, 2003, 2005; Geraads ve diğ., 2005; Şen,2005).5
Jeolojik Miras Açısından Türkiye PaleomemeliFaunasıT. KAYA; G.SARAç1098765432106
EOCENE (46-34 My)•Amasya-Eski Çeltek,•Kırşehir-Çiçekdağı,•Sinop-Boyabat,•Tokat-Bultu-Zile•Yozgat-Boğazlıyan.1.Paleoamasia (Embrithopoda) (Ozansoy,1966; Şen ve Heintz, 1979; Kaya, 1995).2.Parabunodon (Artiodactyla) (Ducrocq veŞen, 1991).
Jeolojik Miras Açısından Türkiye PaleomemeliFaunasıT. KAYA; G.SARAçSon yıllardaki çalışmalarda, Ankara-Orhaniyeyöresindeki Uzunçarşıdere formasyonuPaleoamasia, Hypsamasia (Embrithopoda) veHilalia (Condylarthra) fosillerine göre Erken OrtaEosen olarak yaşlandırılmıştır (Mass ve diğ, 1998).Eosen paleomemeli faunası Türkiye’nin; Afrika,Asya ve Avrupa arasında yaşanan zoocoğrafikilişkiler için büyük bir paleobiyocoğrafik alanoluşturduğunu savını destekler.8
9La Boixedat (İspanya) Early EosenAgerinia (Primates); Lophiodon (Perissodactyla); Phenacodus (Condylartha);Proviverra (Creodont).
Arsinoitherium (Embrithopoda)Jeolojik Miras Açısından Türkiye PaleomemeliFaunasıT. KAYA; G.SARAçPterodon (Creodont)10
OLIGOSEN (34-23 My)1. Edirne-Keşan-Kocayarmalar ,2. Edirne-Keşan-Kavakdere3. Edirne-Keşan-Paşaköy4. Edirne-Keşan-Karacaali5. Edirne-Keşan-Yeniköy6. Tekirdağ-Malkara-HasköyElomeryx & Antracotherium (Artiodactyla)(Ozansoy, 1966; Ünay, 1989)According to the most recent studies, the present day tectonic frame of Anatolia began to form in the Early<strong>Miocene</strong> (e.g. Şengör et al., 1985; Yılmaz, 1992). The palaeogeography of Turkey was dominated by an erosional highland area withcontinental deposition surrounded by shallow seas in the north, east and south at that time. This highland was dissected in theAegean region by fault–bounded basins which have been generally N–S trending. In western Anatolia, many basins were filled duringthe <strong>Late</strong> Oligocene and <strong>Miocene</strong> period (Akgün et al., 2007; Kaya & Mayda, 2011).Central Anatolia is made up of several continent fragments that were assembled during the <strong>Late</strong> Cretaceous–Early Tertiary timeinterval as a result of the closure of multibranched Neotethyan ocean (Şengör and Yılmaz, 1981). Sedimentary basins were alsodeveloped during the Cretaceous–Tertiary period in a variety of localities in central Anatolia (Akgün et al., 2007).11
OligoceneElomeryx (Anthracotherid12
•Kırklareli-Dolhan•Kırıkkale-Delice-Gözükızıllı•Kağızman-TuzlucaAceratherium gaimersheimenseBaluchitherium sp.Protaceratherium albigenseParaceratherium sp.13
<strong>Late</strong> Oligosen14
Baluchitherium (Rhinoceros)Jeolojik Miras Açısından Türkiye PaleomemeliFaunasıT. KAYA; G.SARAç(6 metre)Kırıkkale-Delice-Gözükızıllı<strong>Late</strong> Oligosen15
Early <strong>Miocene</strong>(MN1-MN4)(23-16.2 My)Ankara-Kılçak, Hancılı & Keseköy;Manisa-Harta, Sabuncubeli, Kınık & Belenyenice; Aydın-Dededağ;Konya’dan-Harami;Çorum’dan-Kargı 2Sivas-Horlak 1, 2Aliveria,Mirabella,Eumyarion,DeperetomysEnginia16(Ünay et al,2003; Saraç 2003; Mayda, 2004).
Galerix uenayaeiOrdo: Erinaceomorpha GREGORY, 1910Familya: ErinaceidaeFISCHER von WALDHEIM, 1817Alt familya: Galericinae POMEL, 1848Genus: Galerix POMEL, 1848Galerix uenayaei VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE, 1992Keseköy, Yapıntı , Harta, SabuncubeliEarly <strong>Miocene</strong> (MN3)
Debruijnia arpatiFamilya: Muridae ILLIGER, 1811Subfamilya: Spalacinae GRAY, 1821Cins: Debruijnia ÜNAY, 1996Debruijnia arpati ÜNAY, 1996Keseköy , Sabuncubeli (MN3)
Cricetodon kasapligiliFamilya: Muridae ILLIGER, 1811Subfamilya: Cricetodontinae STEHLIn et SHAUB, 1951Genus: Cricetodon LARTET,1851Cricetodon kasapligili de Bruijn et al., 1993Keseköy, Bozalan, Harta, SabuncubeliEarly <strong>Miocene</strong> (MN3)
Dorcatherium smyrnensis n.sp.Subfamilya: Ruminantia Scopoli, 1777Familya: Tragulidae Milne Edwards, 1864Genus: Dorcatherium Kaup, 1833Dorcatherium smyrnensis n.sp.Sabuncubeli -ManisaEarly Miyosen (MN3)
Early Orleanian (MN1-3)Middle Orleanian (MN4)*Koufos et al.,2005. 21
Bunol (İspanya), Erken MiyosenBunolistriodon (Suidae); Mesaceratherium (Boynuzsuz gergedan);Anchitherium (Equidae)Gomphotherium (Proboscidea) ; Hemicyon (Carnivora).22
Middle <strong>Miocene</strong> (MN5-MN8)(16.3-11.8 My)•Bursa-Paşalar,•Ankara-Çandır•İnönü 1,•Çankırı-Tüney,•Muğla-Ören,•İzmir-Mordoğan,•Çorum-Zambal,•Kütahya-Sofça,•Afyon-Yaylacılar,•Muğla-Sarıçay, Çatakbağkaya•Yenieskihisar,•Çanakkale-Bayraktepe 1 & Nebisuyu(Sickenberg et al.,1975; Ünay et al.i 2003;Kaya & Mayda 2011)23
Middle MiyosenListriodon; Hoploaceratherium; Deinotherium; Chalicotherium;Sansanosmilus.24
Amphicyon majorAmphicyon cf. majorBLAINVILLEAragoniyenBursa, PaşalarPaşalar & Çandır (MN 6)25
Percrocuta, Hypsodontus, Protoanancusİzmir-Mordoğan(Middle Miyosen – MN5)26
Percrocuta miocenicaMordoğan-İzmir;Çandır-AnkaraOrta Miyosen27
Percrocuta miocenica
Percrocuta miocenica
<strong>Late</strong> Orleanian-Early Astaracian (MN5-6)30Koufos et al., 2005.
MicromeryxOrta Miyosen, Çandır31
Listriodon splendensÇanakkale-NebisuyuMiddle <strong>Miocene</strong> (MN7-8)*
Kubanochoerus gigasÇanakkale-NebisuyuMiddle <strong>Miocene</strong> (MN7-8)*34
Click icon to add pictureAnchitherium sp.2Sinohippus n.sp.
Hemicyon (Çanakkale-Nebisuyu )36
<strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong> (MN9-MN13)
A, B. Tetralophodon longirostrisC, D. Choerolophodon anatolicusE, F. Amebelodon grandincisivusG. Deinotherium giganteumTekirdağ-Çorlu-Yulaflı<strong>Late</strong> Miyosen(Vallesian MN10)38
Aceratherium incisivum39
1-3. Aceratherium incisivum12Tekirdağ-Çorlu-YulaflıGeç Miyosen (MN10)*340
Yatağan-ŞerefköyGeç Miyosen PaleomemeliLokalitesi•Fosil yatağı, Şerefköy girişindeki anayolun kenarında ve yolyarmasında bulunmasından dolayı, her sene yolçalışmalarından, yağışlardan ve erozyondan etkilenmekteolup, buna bağlı olarak sayısız fosil tahrip olmaktadır. Yapılanarazi çalışmalarında, yüzeyden çok iyi korunmuş 1000’eyakın materyal toplanmıştır.
Yatağan-ŞerefköyFosiller üzerinde yapılan ilk çalışmalarda Rhinocerotidae,Equidae, Giraffidae, Bovidae, ve Carnivora’ya ait in situkonumda çeneler ve etraf kemikleri bulunmuştur.Samotherium (Giraffidae)(Calceneum)
Hipparion (Equidae)(Maxilla)Hipparion (Equidae)(Metacarpus III)
Hipparion(Equid
Ceratotherium neumayri(Rhinoceratoidea) (Tibia)
Total Taxa (<strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong>) 276Total Taxa Moldavian Faunas 120Total Taxa Turkish Faunas 177Total Taxa Ukrania Faunas 127Common taxa (Moldova-Turkey) 33Common taxa (Turkey-Ukraine) 27Common taxa (Turkey-Ukraine-Moldova) 4751
<strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong> (MN9-MN13)Common Turolian Elements of Turkish LoclaitiesHipparion,Ancylotherium,Ceratotherium,Chilotherium,Ictitherium,Machairodus,Microstonyx,Choerolophodon,Tetralophodon,Palaeotragus andSamotheriumTotal Taxa (<strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong>) 276Total Taxa Moldavian Faunas 120Total Taxa Turkish Faunas 177Total Taxa Russian 127Common taxa (Moldavia-Turkey) 33Common taxa (Turkey-Russia) 27Common taxa (Turkey-Russia-Modavia) 4752
Miotragocerus gaudryi; Boynuz
Ancylotherium cf. pentelicum
Bohlinia attica
abCremohipparion cf. mediterraneum; a: Sol üst çene P3-M2, b: Sol üst çene P3-M2
Hipparion dietrichi
Turolian - TurkeyMachairodus, Protoryx; Hipparion; Lycyaena; Tetralophodon.59
Hipparion ancryanumMiddle TurolianAnkara- Sinaptepe60
Ancylotherium pentelicumAnkara-Ayaş-Pınarkaya<strong>Late</strong> Miyosen (MN12)** Saraç, G., Kaya T. and Geraads, D. 2002.Ancylotherium pentelicum (Perissodactyla, 61Mammalia) from the Upper <strong>Miocene</strong> of centraland western Turkey.Geobios, Volume 35, Issue2, Pages 241-251
Ancylotherium pentelicumAnkara-Ayaş-Pınarkaya<strong>Late</strong> Miyosen (MN12)** Saraç, G., Kaya T. and Geraads, D. 2002.Ancylotherium pentelicum (Perissodactyla, 62Mammalia) from the Upper <strong>Miocene</strong> of centraland western Turkey.Geobios, Volume 35, Issue2, Pages 241-251
Reconstructed life appearance of the <strong>Miocene</strong> chalicotheridsChalicotherium grande and Ancylotherium pentelicum
A-B: Promeles smyrnensis n. sp.C-G: Protictitherium aegaeum n. sp.İzmir- Karaburun - EşendereGeç Miyosen – MN12 (*)İzmir-Karaburun-EşendereGeç Miyosen (MN12)** Saraç, Kaya, T.; Geraads, D.; Tuna, V. 2005. Anew <strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong> mammalian fauna in theKaraburun Peninsula (W Turkey) NeuesJahrbuch Fur Geologie Und Palaontologie-Abhandlungen 236: 321-34964
A: Protictitherium aegaeum n. sp.B: Cromohipparion cf. meditarreneumC: Tragoportax sp.İzmir-Karaburun-Eşendere<strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong> (MN12)** Saraç, Kaya, T.; Geraads, D.; Tuna,V. 2005. A new <strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong> 65mammalian fauna in the KaraburunPeninsula (W Turkey) NeuesJahrbuch Fur Geologie Und
1-5: Hipparion sp.Isparta-Yalvaç-TokmacıkGeç Miyosen (MN12)66
Machairodus giganteusUşak-Eşme-Kemiklitepe<strong>Late</strong> Miyosen (MN12)*67
TetralophodonJeolojik Miras Açısından Türkiye PaleomemeliFaunasıT. KAYA; G.SARAçTarsus-MersinGeç Miyosen (MN12)68
Choerolophodon penteliciKütahya-BayatGeç Miyosen (MN12)** Kaya, T., MAYDA, S. & SARAÇ, G., 2005. New <strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong> mammalian fauna from Bayat(Kütahya, western Turkey). International Earth Sciences Colloquium on the Aegean regions, 694-7 October 2005.62 p.
Palaeoreas elegansKütahya-Bayat<strong>Late</strong> Miyosen (MN12)** Kaya, T., MAYDA, S. & SARAÇ, G., 2005. New<strong>Late</strong> <strong>Miocene</strong> mammalian fauna from Bayat(Kütahya, western Turkey). International EarthSciences Colloquium on the Aegean regions, 4- 707 October 2005.62 p.
PLIOCENE & PLEISTOCENETurkey at the crossroads of the Middle East (a natural extension of the Rift Valley in East Africa), Asiaand Europe, has been a migration route for humans and animals during Plio-Pleistocene. Anatolia has a richpotential in Neogene paleontology because it offers exceptional conditions of preservation of numerousterrestrial faunas. However, the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of the region and the fossil wildlife they containare poorly studiedSeveral issues are pending for interpreting the different migratory paths of large mammals in Anatolia. Thestudy on the evolution of the different taxa collected in the regarding Plio-Pleistocene faunas allow thescientific community to benefit from a supplementary reference of the installation of the different and/oralike faunas in this regionThe main Plio-Pleistocene localities of Turkey are:Afyon-Dinar-Akçaköy & Gülyazı,Eskişehir-Babadat,Manisa-Develi & Yağmurlu,Kayseri-İğdeli,Bolu-Gerede-Tozaklar;Amasya-Taşova,Kastamonu-Ortalıca,Samsun-Hamamayağı,CommonMuş-Çataklıtaxa:& Ankara-ÇaltaEquus, Stephanorhinus, Archidiskodon, Anancus & Leptobos, Mimomys,Sciurus, Tibericola, Pliomys, Cricetus (Sickenberg et al., 1975; Şen & Heinz, 1977,Sümengen et al., 1990; Saraç 2003; Ünay ve diğ., 2003; Alçiçek et al., 2012)71
Very limited numbers of research results have yet been reached regarding the chronostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Plio-Pleistocene deposits from Anatolian Neogene-Quaternary Basins and the faunas regarding these studies are located mainlybetween Western and Northern Anatolian graben systems.For the first time, Turkish and Russian mammalian paleontologist competent to carry out multi-disciplinary scientific program thataims to define precisely on a time scale paleontological framework and its variations in which the large mammal faunas evolvedduring Plio-Pleistocene.Russian-Turkish research team has already started to provide the first systematic definitions of Pliocene and Pleistocene mammalfaunas of both sides of Black Sea region as well as Western and Central Anatolia, essential for future studies and will, with certainty,contribute to a better knowledge of dispersion and migration patterns between both regions.
Change language