Running Head: Sensitive Period for Acculturation 1 Evidence for a ...

Ages of Immigration: 1−15Ages of Immigration: 16−30Ages of Immigration: 31−50Self−reported Identification with Canadian Culture3 4 5 6 7 8 9●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●● ●●● ● ● ●● ●●● ● ●●● ●●●● ●● ●●●● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●●● ●●●●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ●● ●●●● ● ● ●● ● ●●●● ●●● ●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●● ●●●●●● ● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●● ●●● ● ●●● ●●●● ●●●●●● ● ●●●● ●●●●●Self−reported Identification with Canadian Culture3 4 5 6 7 8 9●●●● ●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●● ●● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ●●●● ● ●● ●● ●●● ● ●●● ●●●● ●● ●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●● ●●●●0 10 20 30 40 50●Age of Immigration(a) Simple Slope0 5 10 15 200 5 10 15 20Years in Canada(b) Interaction0 5 10 15 20Figure 1: The simple slope panel shows the effect of Age of Arrival in Canada on self-reported identification with Canadianculture for individuals who’ve spent a mean(approx 13.4) years in Canada. The interaction panel shows the acculturation rateof individuals arriving in Canada during three different developmental periods, separated (for visualisation purposes only) bythe age at which the acculturation rate ceases to be significantly different from zero (about 14.5 years). Young immigrants(0-15 years) identify with Canadian culture (statistically) significantly more with time, older immigrants’ identification doesn’tchange with time or nominally decreases. Solid red-lines represent the best Ordinary Least Squares approximation of theserelationships for each dataset, controlling for gender, English ability, recruitment pool and study version (English or Chinese).