The Byzantine and Early Islamic settlement of Khirbat ... - web journal

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Marwan Abu Khalaf, Ibrahim Abu A‘mar, Salah Al-Houdalieh, Robert HoylandParallels: The most unusual feature of this design is the use of R83a which can beparalleled with another Palestinian example at Eshtemoa, 9 miles south of Hebron. 20R9c is also found at this site. Given the infrequency of this R83a design and thecombination of the R9c design, it is possible that this may be an indication of ashared workshop or craftsperson production.Area B3 (see fig. 26)Surviving Dimensions: ca. 3 x4 m (but only survives inpatches).State of Preservation: VerypoorTesserae size: 0.015- 0.02m 2Colour: Black, white and redDescription: Of the survivingfragments it is possible to definean outer border of R83aRows of spaced recumbentrosebuds. Within this border isa simple border consisting of awhite band, three tesseraethick, within this, a band ofblack and a band of white eachof two tessearae thickness andfinal a single black band oftesserae. Within this is a mainfield of a grid of bichrome ser-partments here enclosing arated triple filets, the com-parallel serrated square (similarto R124c and e).There is a range of beddingtypes within the area of theBasilica complex. That which is26. Detail of a surviving (in 1996) portion of the mosaic floor in B3.certainly connected with themosaics consists of a mortaredcobbled layer of a depth of c. 0.10 m – 0.15 m.20 Yeivin 1972.http://www.webjournal.unior.it - (II) 2006 68ISSN 1827-8868
The Byzantine and Early Islamic settlement of Khirbat Shuwayka4.6. The tomb entrance inscription (fig. 27)The short text is written in clear large Greek letters, most likely of the 5 th century, andnot later than the early 6 th (confirmed to me by Dr. Leah di Segni). It reads simply: +Mnh[mh] / diaf[er(ousa)]/ Paul[ou] or "Private tomb of Paul..". One would have expectedan epithet of Paulor a reference to his family,but there seems to be noroom, since the stone isneatly cut just below thethird line, presumably to fitonto the slab closing thevault.5. The WinepressThe winepress is situatedat the eastern foot of thehill, directly inside thefortification wall and next27. Greek inscription on lintel of tomb entrance.to the church (within squares QRST 13-16 on fig. 2). The press is joined to the gate,found in the western wall, via a path running along the southern wall of the church.The path, 1.5 m wide and made of compacted earth, can be accessed from thechurch by two entrances in its southern wall. The area of the winepress is about 160m² (figs 28 and 29). It consistsof three chambersconnected by channelswith three juice-collectingvats on the western side, alarge treading vat, a mainjuice-collecting vat on thenorthern side, four chamberson the southern sideand four more chamberson the eastern side. Thewalls of these facilitieswere built of differentsized stones, 95 cm wide,with horizontal irregular28. View westwards of wine-making installation showing treadingfloors (opposite), storage rooms (left) and press area (center).http://www.webjournal.unior.it - (II) 2006 69ISSN 1827-8868
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