Some Aspects of Inter District Disparities in Tamil Nadu.

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3maximum possible value or its shortfall in terms of the maximum and itis useful for a comparison with values of other (sample) units.The above-mentioned approaches are widely used in studies toanalyze inter-country (e.g. UNDP reports; Ram, 1982), inter-state (e.g.CMIE, 1998; Ghosh and De, 2000) and inter-district (Bhattacharya,1998) variations in development, standard of living, infrastructuredevelopment, etc. After constructing various indicators of development,we use the approach of comparing the districts on the basis of HDI asin the UNDP reports cited above.3. Data and Development IndicatorsIn order to analyze the disparities in levels of development among thedistricts in Tamil Nadu, we consider the following economic and socialindicators.i. Economic indicators:(a)The per capita gross district domestic product (GDDP) in rupeesin 1996-97, 8 and(b) The share of non-primary sector in GDDP in per cent 9 .ii. Education Indicators:(a) Number of primary schools per one lakh population in 1999,(b) Number of middle schools per one lakh population in 1999,(c)Combined gross enrolment ratio (GER) in primary, middle andhigh/higher secondary schools (in percent) in 1996-97 and(d) Literacy rate in 1995-96 (in per cent). 10iii. Health Indicators:(a)(b)Life expectancy in 1996-97 11 andInfant mortality rate (the number of infant deaths per 1000 livebirths) in 1998. 12
4We have compiled the data on these indicators for all 29 districts inTamil Nadu from (i). State Planning Commission, (ii). Directorate ofStatistics, Government of Tamil Nadu, and (iii). Vital Events Surveyconducted by Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA)under Tamil Nadu Area Health Project. To compute the HDI, wefollow the methodology in UNDP (1999). We use the followingminimum and maximum values suggested in UNDP (1999) for each ofthe constituents of HDI measure.• Life expectancy : 25 years and 85 years• Adult literacy rate : 0 per cent and 100 percent• Combined gross enrolment ratio : 0 per cent and 100 per cent• Per capita income : $ 100 and $ 40000 (PPP $)Hence, our measure is comparable with UNDP’s HDI values.4. District Level Development in Tamil NaduTable 1 reports the district level data on income and other indicatorsselected for the study. It also shows the human development indicesdeveloped for the districts. For an easy reference, Table 2 presents theranking of districts by these indicators.Regional Economic Development:The most widely used measure of relative regional economicdevelopment is the per capita GDP. We first consider the per capitaincome differences (Column 3 of Table 1). Among 29 districts in TamilNadu, Kanchipuram (Rs. 23075) and Chennai (Rs. 23044) ranked firstand second in per capita income in 1996-97. Coimbatore had the thirdrank. Vilupuram (Rs. 8101), Tiruvannamalai (Rs. 8255) and Sivagangai(Rs. 9276) districts were the poorest, occupying the last three ranks. Itis noted that the per capita income of the top ranked district is about2.85 times larger than that of the poorest district (i.e., the latter is only35 per cent of the former). The per capita income of the state was about
Page 1 and 2: Working Paper No.1SOME ASPECTS OF I
Page 3: 2Needs (BN) approach and Physical Q
Page 7 and 8: 6income indicate that the inter-dis
Page 9 and 10: 8per capita income also have a belo
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Page 17 and 18: Sl.NoDistricts As on1996-97Table 1S
Page 19 and 20: Table 2Ranking of Districts in Tami
Page 21 and 22: DistrictsAs on1996-97RiceArea inlak
Page 23 and 24: IndicatorsShare ofNon-PrimarySector

Some Aspects of Inter District Disparities in Tamil Nadu.

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