VIewPoIntUSD 3.1 million. However, it reserved itsright to recover the remainder of moniespaid, and to be paid the equivalent outlayfor maintenance and cure benefitsfrom other potentially responsible parties.Without PGS’ agreement to temporarilyforego its right to recover all moniescurrently due, any settlement wouldhave been impossible. This agreementallowed the case to proceed so that Davidand PGS could jointly prosecute theirclaims, seeking full reimbursement onall counts.The resolution of the case against theowner of the dump truck and the vancompany was termed Phase I becauseevidence revealed, both through theaccident reconstruction and witnessstatements during the early stage of thecase against the dump truck owners andthe van company, that there were goodgrounds to sue the dump truck manufacturer.Because the land-based insuranceprograms of the dump truck companyand van owners were limited, it dictatedan early settlement with those defendantsand provided a vehicle for the moreexpensive products liability action.David’s part of the Phase I settlement wasplaced in a Special Needs Trust to providesupplemental funds for his welfare.These funds later became an importantpart of the settlement arrangementsbetween PGS and David Andrews.Phase IIThe product liability case against themanufacturer was set for trial in Louisianaduring March 2001. There were two majorissues:1) A metal support extending from thedump truck’s gearbox to its tie rodfailed. The police believed that thisfailed at impact and did not cause theaccident, while the dump truck owners’expert believed that this part failed justbefore the accident, causing the dumptruck to veer into the van’s lane.2) The dump truck driver stated that itwas a typical workday as he travelledsouth on Louisiana Highway 1 whenhe felt a jolt and the truck began toveer uncontrollably into the oppositelane. He stated that he lost consciousnessand woke up immediately beforehis truck was entering the Bayou. Thedump truck driver testified with utmostconfidence that he was in his own lanewhen he felt the jolt and began crossingthe centerline of the highway.Although on balance the plaintiff had astrong case, it is not easy to predict how ajury will respond to evidence. Unfortunately,the jury in question issued a verdict infavour of the manufacturers. This wasappealed and before the appeal washeard, the parties reached an amicablesettlement.Structured settlement/annuitiesIn addition, in taking immediate steps tosecure David’s benefits under the AD&Dpolicy, foregoing its right of reimbursementunder the Phase I settlement andparticipating in the products liabilityDavid Andrew’s injuries have left him a ventilatordependentquadriplegiclitigation, both by incurring defence costsand by contributing beyond its contractuallimit to the expenses of the case, PGS/<strong>Skuld</strong> have provided David with stateof-the-artmedical care. From the dateof the incident through November 2003,when the case was finally settled, cureexpenditures had reached approximatelyUSD 2 million.During the case, PGS did not attempt toclaim that David had reached MaximumMedical Improvement (MMI) because ofthe fact that he was dependent on hisventilator. The weight of controlling USlegal authority held that David’s treatmentwas not merely palliative because theventilator kept his condition fromdeteriorating. This notion was also4 beacon December 2005
Contentssupported by the medical evidence givenby David’s treating doctor.There was also a serious question as towhether any US judge would decree Davidat MMI and terminate his cure benefits,which would effectively leave David onhis own to pay for his substantial care.Rather, PGS argued that once Davidbecame qualified for Medicare (publiclypaid health services), they were entitledto terminate his benefits, becausegovernment sources equivalent to theU.S. Public Health Service Hospitals wereavailable to him, as a seaman, such thatPGS’ obligations were extinguished underthe law. Bearing this in mind, the timehad come to bring the parties to the tableto discuss a structured settlement thatwould care for David’s future needs.During mediation set in November 2003,a final agreement was reached betweenDavid and PGS where PGS/<strong>Skuld</strong> agreedto pay a total of USD 500,000 to extinguishtheir respective future liabilities to Davidas of 31 December 2003. The settlementwas obtained by presenting David witha structured settlement that would paybenefits over his lifetime through thepurchase of an annuity.Most of the funds used for the annuitycame from the very monies PGS/<strong>Skuld</strong>had agreed to forego in the Phase Isettlement, which had been depositedin David’s Special Needs Trust. Thatearly decision later became the basis bywhich any future cure exposure could beextinguished.Legal proceedings against the USgovernmentAs PGS/<strong>Skuld</strong> wanted to have the casefinalised at this point, it was necessaryto have the government acknowledgeresponsibility for David’s care. Because ofa conflict in the law about whether settlementfunds had to be set aside in favourof the government, and due to the factthat the government officials would notcommit to a definitive position, David andPGS sued the government of the UnitedStates of America, seeking a judicialdeclaration that the availability of suchMedicare benefits extinguished PGS’ cureobligation and that the settlement moniesdid not have to be set aside in a trust infavour of the government.The Complaint for Declaratory Reliefwas filed in Galveston on 10 December2003. In early January 2004, before thegovernment’s answer was due in court,the United States government agreed toaccept USD 25,000, a nominal amount fora set-aside trust based on the size of theexpected settlement for future care. Thegovernment also allowed David to put therest of the money in an annuity purchasedby his trust. Once the USD 25,000 isdepleted, Medicare can be billed directlyfor all of David’s future care.MosT of The funds used for TheannuiTy caMe froM The very Moniespgs/skuld had agreed Toforego in The phase i seTTleMenTCONCLUSIONSThis case shows that the potentialliabilities of an employer of crewserving on ORVA approved vesselswithin US jurisdiction are verysubstantial. P&I clubs will respondto off-vessel incidents as long assuch crewmembers are on contractand in transit to and from their work.Even when the employer is notnegligent or at fault, the maintenanceand cure obligations in the US remainindefinite until Maximum MedicalImprovement is reached, which couldbe throughout an injured person’slifetime.The final outcome of this case was aresounding result for all involvedparties, based on an immense teameffort, where the member supportedtheir injured employees 100% and<strong>Skuld</strong> fully backed its member’sposition. On top of this, PGS and<strong>Skuld</strong> obtained top-class legal supportfrom Houston lawyer Mr. Jeffrey R.Bale and the firm of Bale & Godkin,LLP, who did a remarkable job andhelped achieve a unique result for allparties. The legal implicationsstemming from the strategiesemployed in this case will representa new platform for similar personalinjury cases in the future, not least byclarifying the US authorities’obligations in case of future medicalsupport and care.beacon December 2005 5