PDL - Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

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CONTENTSiiiSummaryAbbreviation listviviii1. Introduction 12. Losses in optical components and fibres 32.1. Insertion loss (IL) 32.2. Optical return loss (ORL) 52.3. Polarization dependent loss (PDL) 73. Polarization effects in optical fibres and components 93.1. Polarization concepts 93.2. Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) 113.2.1. Definition and origin of PMD 113.2.2. Effects of PMD 143.3. Polarization dependent loss (PDL) 153.3.1. Definition and origin of PDL 153.3.2. Effects of PDL 183.4. Combined effects of PMD and PDL 193.4.1. Wavelength PDL dependence 193.4.2. Non-orthogonality of principal states of polarization (PSP) 193.4.3. Separation of PMD and PDL 224. Literature survey on PDL 244.1. PDL in optical components 244.2. PDL in optical fibres 244.2.1. Wavelength dependent PDL 254.2.2. Interaction between PDL and PMD 254.3. PDL statistics 274.4. Compensation of PDL 28
Page 1 and 2: CHARACTERIZATION OF POLARIZATION DE
Page 3: Acknowledgementsii• My sincere gr
Page 7 and 8: SUMMARYviIn this study, the Jones m
Page 9: ABBREVIATION LISTviiiBER bit error
Page 12 and 13: 3Chapter 2Losses in optical compone
Page 14 and 15: 5Power (dBm)-1.768-1.770-1.772-1.77
Page 16 and 17: 7ORL (dB)626058(a)a= port marked wi
Page 18 and 19: 9CHAPTER 3Polarization effects in o
Page 20 and 21: 11RCP0,0,1L-450,-1,0LVP-1,0,0LHP1,0
Page 22 and 23: 13specially introduced geometrical
Page 24 and 25: 153.3. Polarization dependent loss
Page 26 and 27: 17transmission for unpolarized ligh
Page 28 and 29: 19As the light travels the intensit
Page 30 and 31: B are parallel or anti-parallel. T
Page 32 and 33: 23where U is the unitary matrix rep
Page 34 and 35: 25management of power. The presence
Page 36 and 37: 27pulse width of 100 ps in differen
Page 38 and 39: 29CHAPTER 5PMD AND PDL MEASUREMENT
Page 40 and 41: 31states methods, namely the Jones
Page 42 and 43: 33Sout= M × Sin⎡m⎢m= ⎢⎢m
Page 44 and 45: 355.3. Comparison of the three PDL
Page 46 and 47: 37The polarized EXFO’s M 2100 bro
Page 48 and 49: 390.400.35(a)0.40(b)0.300.30PDL (dB
Page 50 and 51: 41Moreover, it is necessary that th
Page 52 and 53: 43coupling within the fibre (of len
Page 54 and 55:
45selected between 1549.0 nm to1551
Page 57 and 58:
480.080 ± 0.002 dB and 0.122 ± 0.
Page 59 and 60:
50Therefore the overall PDL depends
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52states and thereby leading to ext
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54turns around the objects having a
Page 65 and 66:
56Probability Density (/dB)8642(a)P
Page 67 and 68:
580 .40 .30 .20 .10 .0PM D = 0.05 p
Page 69 and 70:
60Table 6.2: PMD values obtained fr
Page 71 and 72:
62DGD change with time is attribute
Page 73 and 74:
646.8. Effect of PMD/PDL on the BER
Page 75 and 76:
66consisted of only PMD and PDL, al
Page 77 and 78:
68In summary, in this chapter we ha
Page 79 and 80:
70concatenation. This was attribute
Page 81 and 82:
72APPENDIXRESEARCH OUTPUTS OF THE A
Page 83 and 84:
74P. C. Chou, J. M. Fini and H. A.
Page 85 and 86:
76D. L. Favin, B. M. Nyman and G. M
Page 87 and 88:
78IEC 61300-3-2, “Fibre optic int
Page 89 and 90:
80R. Noé, D. Sandel, M. Yoshida-Di
Page 91 and 92:
82P. A. Williams, “Modulation pha
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PDL - Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

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